[1540.] Also in consequence of Marcos de Niza's reports, Francisco Vazquez de Coronado, who had succeeded Nuño de Guzman and Torre as governor of New Galicia, set out from Culiacan in April, 1540, penetrated to the Pueblo towns, or the Seven Cities of Cibola, and thence to the valley of the Rio Grande and far toward the north-east to Quivira, whose location, fixed by him in latitude 40°, has been a much disputed question. While in Sonora, he sent forth Melchor Diaz, who explored the head of the gulf, and the mouths of the rivers, Gila and Colorado, where he found letters left by Alarcon. See _infra_. From Cibola, Coronado sent Garcia Lopez de Cárdenas west, who passed through the Moqui towns and followed the Colorado for some distance. Coronado returned in 1542. _Relatione che mando Francesco Vazquez di Coronado_, in _Ramusio_, tom. iii. fol. 359; _Pacheco_ and _Cárdenas_, _Col. de Doc._, tom. iii. p. 511. _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol. iii. pp. 373-82, has the same and Gomara's account. _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voyages_, série i. tom. ix., gives the relations of Coronado, Castañeda, and Jaramillo. See also _Whipple, Ewbank, and Turner_, in _Pacific R. R. Reports_, vol. iii. pp. 108-12; _Simpson_, in _Report of Smithsonian Institution_, 1869. To coöperate with Coronado's land expedition, Hernando de Alarcon was despatched from Acapulco in May, 1540. Alarcon followed the coast to the head of the gulf, and ascended the Buena Guia (Colorado) some eighty-five leagues in boats, but hearing nothing from Coronado, he returned after burying letters, which, as we have seen, were found by Melchor Diaz. Beside the references given above, see _Sutil y Mexicana, Viage_, p. xxviii.; _Burney's Discov. South Sea_, vol. i. pp. 211-16; _Purchas_, _His Pilgrimes_, vol. iv. p. 1560; _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv. p. 21 et seq.; vol. vi. p. 60; _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii. p. 671. I here present reductions of two maps of the time to illustrate the explorations on the north-west coast, with which I close this sketch. The first was made by the pilot Castillo in 1541, and is taken from _Cortés_, _Hist. Nueva-España_, edited by Lorenzana, Mexico, 1770, p. 325. [Illustration: CASTILLO'S MAP, 1541.] [Sidenote: CALIFORNIA AND ARIZONA DISCOVERED.] A similar chart is mentioned by Señor Navarrete as existing in the hydrographic archives in Madrid. The second, from the _Munich Atlas_, no. vi., is of uncertain date. Peschel places it between 1532 and 1540; and it was certainly made about that time, as Yucatan is represented as an island, and California as a peninsula, although later it came again to be considered an island, as at its first discovery. [Illustration: MANUSCRIPT MAP, AUTHOR UNKNOWN, SUPPOSED TO HAVE BEEN DRAWN BETWEEN 1532 AND 1510.]