History of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, Vol. 1 (of 2)Dunham, S. A. (Samuel Astley)
History
History of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, Vol. 1 (of 2)
Dunham, S. A. (Samuel Astley)
Scandinavia -- History
Legends like the foregoing, which illustrate the opinions of mankind,
are not to be rejected as childish. Wild as they are, they had once
their believers,—and believers, for anything we know, they may have at
this day, among the remote Lapps and Finns. Whether the inventors, who
were probably priests of Thor or Odin, took this method of unfolding to
their disciples some physical theory, we shall not inquire. The darkness
which, as all men knew, overhung the polar sea during half the year,
favoured the diffusion of such stories. But what will most have struck
the reader, in the first of these legends, is, the similarity of some of
its passages with those of the Odyssey and other classical productions.
Many of the adventures in the second legend are to be found in the Edda,
but ascribed to another individual. As Saxo could not borrow from the
compilation of either Saemund or Snorro, all three must have drawn from
some common source, and that source was tradition. But we have dwelt
long enough on these fabulous times, and we must hasten to the
historical.[89]
If any faith can be placed in Saxo’s relation, which we see no reason to
doubt, Gorm must have been contemporary with the first of the
Carlovingian kings; for the historian expressly assures us that in this
reign Denmark was christianised. And in that of _Godric_ his son, who is
also called _Godfrey_, we are told that Charlemagne was subduing the
Saxons. On referring, indeed, to the list which we have given at the
beginning of this chapter, and which the best Danish critics regard as
approximating nearer to the truth than any other yet constructed[90],
the reader will perceive that there is no mention of Gorm or Godric. But
here we must repeat what we have already frequently observed, that both
might have reigned in Jutland, while Sigurd Ring and Ragnar Lodbrok and
Sigurd Snogoje reigned in Zealand. And even if this were not so, we are
by no means sure that the Icelandic authorities, which alone have weight
with the modern historians of Denmark, ought to be followed to the utter
exclusion of Saxo, who lived as near to the period as any of the former,
and whose means of information must have been of easier access. Strange
that in the eighth century—nay, even in the ninth—we should find so much
darkness, so much contradiction in the history of a country which was
now beginning to occupy the attention of the Frank historians! Yet such
is the fact. “C’est un vrai labyrinthe,” says Mallet, “où l’on se perd
dans les contradictions et les ténèbres.” The conjecture, however, which
we have made, viz., that Godric or Godfrey might reign in one part of
Denmark, while Sigurd Ring and Ragnar reigned in another, acquires some
confirmation from the fact that the former, as rex Danorum in 803, is
expressly mentioned by Ado of Vienne. And in the Saga of Olaf Trygveson,
king of Norway, we read that this very Godfrey reigned in Jutland during
the time of Charlemagne.
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