The monarchs were fond of displaying a splendour which richer and more extensive kingdoms could not well support; and as the example of the court is sure to be followed by all who visit it, we may form some notion of the progress which luxury made amongst the people. [Sidenote: 1319 to 1387.] On the death of Hako, as we have already intimated, the throne of Norway fell to his grandson MAGNUS VII. (1319–1343), king of Sweden. In 1343 Magnus resigned the Norwegian sceptre to his son HAKO VI. (1343–1380). This prince, as we have before observed, married the daughter of Valdemar IV., king of Denmark, and died in 1380. He was succeeded in both thrones by his infant son OLAF (the _fifth_ of Norway, the _third_ of Denmark), on whose death both Denmark and Norway were ruled by queen Margaret. At this period the close connection between the three northern kingdoms can be explained only by reverting to the history of Sweden. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ CHAPTER III.[169] SWEDEN. 1001–1389. OLAF.—EMUND I.—EMUND II.—STENKILL.—INGE I.—PHILIP.—INGE II.—SWERKER I.—CHARLES.—ST. ERIC.—INTERNAL TROUBLES.—BIRGER JARL.—VALDEMAR I.—MAGNUS I.—BIRGER.—MAGNUS II.—ERIC IV.—ALBERT OF MECKLENBURG.—UNION OF SWEDEN WITH DENMARK. IN Swedish history the chronological difficulties of which we had so much reason to complain in the former volume, are scarcely fewer even now that we are advanced into the eleventh century. Most writers give different lists of kings down to the twelfth century. The reason of this difference is two-fold: there were sometimes two kings reigning at the same time, the one over the Goths, the other over the Swedes; and sometimes each of these people had two, who divided the homage of the people. [Sidenote: 1001 to 1026.] All writers agree that at the opening of the eleventh century OLAF, surnamed _Skotkonung_, or the Tribute-king, reigned over Sweden. He was the ally of Denmark in the destruction of Olaf Trygvasen, king of Norway[170]; and with Denmark he shared the possession of that kingdom.[171] The enemy of St. Olaf, he would not, though commanded by the states of his kingdom, give his daughter Ingigerda to that king.[172] Contrary to his wish, however, his second daughter Astrida was married to his royal neighbor.[173] Probably this was the first of the Swedish princes that felt himself strong enough to contend with his pagan subjects, who prior to his time had held the ascendancy. His ardour, however, is said to have been mitigated by his diet, which at length decided for liberty of conscience. [Sidenote: 1026 to 1051.]