Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, childhood and character, 257, 258. Christian ministry, 259. failures of, 259, 260, 262. farming, 260. influence of, 18. law, 260. lesson of love taught by, 271. marriage, 261. Neuhof, experiences at, 262. object teaching of, 189. pedagogy of, 269, 271. purposes of, 259. school at Burgdorf, 266. school at Stanz, 264, 265. school at Yverdon, 267, 268. schooling of, 258. unites with Kruesi, 267. work of, 269. writings of, 263, 264. Peter the Hermit, crusade of, 136. Petrarch, father of humanism, 155, 156. Petrarch, influence of, 151-153. lays foundation of modern education, 157. Pfefferkorn, John, antagonism to Hebrew works, 160. _Phaedo_, Plato's, 63. Philanthropin, established, 251. failure of, 252-254. purpose of, 252. Philip Augustus, of France, aids university at Paris, 141. leads third crusade, 137. _Philippics_, of Cicero, 82. Philosophical discoveries, of Hindus, 35. Philosophy, in Athens, 59. in catechetical schools, 108. in Egypt, 47. in gymnasium, 293. in Jesuit schools, 185. in Mohammedan schools, 145. in Roman schools, 78. in schools of prophets, 44. natural, in Milton's scheme of education, 219. of Christ, 98. scholasticism, 124. Phoenicians, invent alphabet, glass making, and purple dyeing, 51. Phonic method of spelling, introduced, 189. Physical education, in Aristotle's scheme, 66. in Athens, 58. in Erasmus's scheme, 163. in Fenelon's scheme, 226. in Feudalism, 133, 135. in Innovators' scheme, 204. in Locke's scheme, 221, 229. in Luther's scheme, 170. in Milton's scheme, 220. in Persia, 38. in Pestalozzi's scheme, 263. in Plato's scheme, 64, 65. in Rome, 77. in Rousseau's scheme, 244. in Sparta, 70. Pietism, influence of, 232. purpose of, 231. Plato, Athenian philosopher, 56. disciple of Socrates, 63. first systematic scheme of education, 65. founds school at Athens, 63. republic, 63. State to have control of citizens, 64. testimony to Socrates, 62. Play, educational force in Athens, 57, 60. in Fenelon's pedagogy, 226. in Froebel's system, 274. Poetry, in Athens, 57, 59. in Roman schools, 78. in schools of prophets, 44. Poitiers, university at, 141. Political freedom of Greeks, 54. Political rights, extension of, 239. Polygamy, in China, 22. in Egypt, 49. in India, 31. Polytechnic schools, in China, 27. Port Royalists, purpose of, 189. services to education, 199. Practical training of Roman children, 79. Practice school, at Jena, 281. at Koenigsberg, 280. Herbart's, 280. Prague, battle of, 212. university established at, 124, 141. _Praise of Folly_, Erasmus's, 162. Prerau, Moravian School at, 212. Priests, influence in Egypt, 47, 48. Primary education. See Elementary Education.