History of Embalming: and of Preparations in Anatomy, Pathology, and Natural History; Including an Account of a New Process for EmbalmingGannal, J.-N. (Jean-Nicolas)
History
History of Embalming: and of Preparations in Anatomy, Pathology, and Natural History; Including an Account of a New Process for Embalming
Gannal, J.-N. (Jean-Nicolas)
Anatomical specimens -- Collection and preservation; Embalming -- History; Mummies
“The anatomist should watch over these macerations; and it is only
when all the fibrous parts separate easily from the bones, or the
inter-vertebral fibro-cartilages, and the yellow ligaments separate
readily from the vertebra, that the skeleton should be withdrawn from
the bath and cleaned. For this purpose, he collects with care all the
pieces, and places them in clean water; he cleans them by removing with
a scalpel the fibrous parts which may yet adhere, and by rubbing them
under water with a very coarse brush; he then places them on coarse
linen to dry them.
“_Ebullition._--Boiling water is often resorted to for preparing the
bones of the skeleton. After having roughly separated them from the
soft parts, they are placed in a kettle of water, and subjected to
ebullition for six or ten hours, according to the subject. The action
of the water is increased, and the fibrous parts more accurately
stripped from the bones, as well as the grease, by placing in the
kettle, an hour before the end of the operation, potash, or soda of
commerce, (sub-carbonate of potash, and of soda,) one pound to eighty
or a hundred pints of liquid. After having carefully removed the
grease which swims on the surface of the water, the bones are to be
withdrawn and plunged into a new alkaline lie, warm and very weak;
clean them with care, as in the preceding case, separating exactly
from the articular surfaces, the swollen and softened cartilages, which
remain adhering to them: the bones being clean, they are to be washed
frequently previously to drying.
“In employing ebullition, we have the advantage of preparing the bones
more promptly, and in a manner less insalubrious than by maceration.
Nevertheless, this mode of preparation has its inconvenience: 1. Bones
which are boiled, become, in general, less white than those which
are macerated; the blood coagulating in their pores, leaves a brown
tinge, which it is often impossible to remove; 2. They commonly retain
a greater quantity of medullary matter, which, by becoming rancid,
soon gives them a yellow colour and a very disagreeable odour; 3.
Ebullition is not applicable to the bones of young subjects, in which
the epiphyses are not yet adherent; it acts upon their gelatinous
texture, and despoils, in part, the short bones and the extremities of
the long bones of the compact layer which envelopes them. This last
inconvenience is manifested even in the bones of adults.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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