History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to SwinburneLang, Andrew
History
History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne
Lang, Andrew
English literature -- History and criticism
"The passage is horrible bombast," says Scott. Not living in an early
heroic age, in which exaggeration is natural and pardonable, but in the
age of scepticism and the Royal Society, Dryden exceeded the ancient
licence, and, as when a hero takes off his hat to his mother's ghost,
mingled modern manners with more than heroic audacities. Criticism
should look for beauties, not faults, said Dryden, but the critics
could reply that the whole scheme of the heroic drama was faulty. The
result is extravagance and rant, indeed rant was then the fault of the
actors on the French stage. Molière had to warn his company that a
King, conversing with his Minister, "does not necessarily speak like a
dæmoniac".
Turning to comedy, we find it but little instructed, in refinement,
creation of character, and wit, by the example of Molière.
Etherege's three plays "Love in a Tub" (1664), "She Would if She Could"
(1667), and "The Man of Mode, or Sir Fopling Flutter" (1676), are the
work of a courtier and amateur concerning whose life and death little
is known. The merriment of "Love in a Tub" is a picture of contemporary
manners; compared with its prose, the rhyming ten-syllabled couplets of
the graver and sentimental characters are almost a relief.
The author (1635-1691?), in the Prologue, admits that "wit" (dramatic
genius in this case), "has now declined"; avers that "the older and
graver sort" would decry new plays in the manner of Fletcher and Ben
Jonson; and bids the audience "Only think upon the modern way of
writing". In an Epilogue to "Sir Fopling Flutter," Dryden characterizes
the hero admirably:--
True fops help Nature work, and go to school,
To file and finish God Almighty's fool.
If these' pieces have wit, they "have not wit enough to keep them
sweet".
Thomas Shadwell (1642-1692) was made immortal when he became the butt
of Dryden's satire. His plays are useful to students of contemporary
manners, and he was the Laureate of William and Mary in succession to
"Glorious John".
Sir Charles Sedley and Mrs. Aphra Behn have left nothing imperishable
but a few songs, the swan songs of the dying Muse of lyric.
All these playwrights had before their eyes the inimitable and immortal
comedies with which Molière was endowing the literature of France.
But, even when they tried to follow this model, their imitations were
barbarous: for compared with the literary taste and manners of the
Court of Louis XIV, those of the reign of Charles II were brutal.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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