History of English Literature Volume 1 (of 3)Taine, Hippolyte
History
History of English Literature Volume 1 (of 3)
Taine, Hippolyte
English literature -- History and criticism
Do we find here nothing but fairy land? Yes; here are finished pictures
true and complete, composed with a painter's feeling, with choice of
tints and outlines; our eyes are delighted by them. This reclining
Acrasia has the pose of a goddess, or of one of Titian's courtesans. An
Italian artist might copy these gardens, these flowing waters, these
sculptured loves, those wreaths of creeping ivy thick with glossy leaves
and fleecy flowers. Just before, in the infernal depths, the lights,
with their long streaming rays, were fine, half smothered by the
darkness; the lofty throne in the vast hall, between the pillars, in the
midst of a swarming multitude, connected all the forms around it by
drawing all looks towards one centre. The poet, here and throughout, is
a colorist and an architect. However fantastic his world may be, it is
not factitious; if it does not exist, it might have been; indeed, it
should have been; it is the fault of circumstances if they do not so
group themselves as to bring it to pass; taken by itself, it possesses
that internal harmony by which a real thing, even a still higher
harmony, exists, inasmuch as, without any regard to real things, it is
altogether, and in its least detail, constructed with a view to beauty.
Art has made its appearance; this is the great characteristic of the
age, which distinguishes the "Faërie Queene" from all similar tales
heaped up by the Middle Ages. Incoherent, mutilated, they lie like
rubbish, or rough-hewn stones, which the weak hands of the _trouvères_
could not build into a monument. At last the poets and artists appear,
and with them the conception of beauty, to wit, the idea of general
effect. They understand proportions, relations, contrasts; they compose.
In their hands the blurred vague sketch becomes defined, complete,
separate; it assumes color--is made a picture. Every object thus
conceived and imaged acquires a definite existence as soon as it assumes
a true form; centuries after, it will be acknowledged and admired, and
men will be touched by it; and more, they will be touched by its author;
for, besides the object which he paints, the poet paints himself. His
ruling idea is stamped upon the work which it produces and controls.
Spenser is superior to his subject, comprehends it fully, frames it with
a view to its end, in order to impress upon it the proper mark of his
soul and his genius. Each story is modulated with respect to another,
and all with respect to a certain effect which is being worked out. Thus
a beauty issues from this harmony--the beauty in the poet's heart--which
his whole work strives to express; a noble and yet a cheerful beauty,
made up of moral elevation and sensuous seductions, English in
sentiment, Italian in externals, chivalric in subject, modern in its
perfection, representing a unique and wonderful epoch, the appearance of
paganism in a Christian race, and the worship of form by an imagination
of the North.
_PART III.--Prose_
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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