History of English Literature Volume 1 (of 3)Taine, Hippolyte
History
History of English Literature Volume 1 (of 3)
Taine, Hippolyte
English literature -- History and criticism
Amongst all these unknown poets[82] there is one whose name we know,
Cædmon, perhaps the old Cædmon who wrote the first hymn; like him, at
all events, who, paraphrasing the Bible with a barbarian's vigor and
sublimity, has shown the grandeur and fury of the sentiment with which
the men of these times entered into their new religion. He also sings
when he speaks; when he mentions the ark, it is with a profusion of
poetic names, "the floating house, the greatest of floating chambers,
the wooden fortress, the moving roof, the cavern, the great sea-chest,"
and many more. Every time he thinks of it, he sees it with his mind,
like a quick luminous vision, and each time under a new aspect, now
undulating on the muddy waves, between two ridges of foam, now casting
over the water its enormous shadow, black and high like a castle, "now
enclosing in its cavernous sides" the endless swarm of caged beasts.
Like the others, he wrestles with God in his heart; triumphs like a
warrior over destruction and victory; and in relating the death of
Pharaoh, can hardly speak from anger, or see, because the blood mounts
to his eyes.
"The folk was affrighted, the flood-dread seized on their sad souls;
ocean wailed with death, the mountain heights were with blood
be-steamed, the sea foamed gore, crying was in the waves, the water full
of weapons, a death-mist rose; the Egyptians were turned back; trembling
they fled, they felt fear: would that host gladly find their homes;
their vaunt grew sadder: against them, as a cloud, rose the fell rolling
of the waves; there came not any of that host to home, but from behind
enclosed them fate with the wave. Where ways ere lay sea raged. Their
might was merged, the streams stood, the storm rose high to heaven; the
loudest army-cry the hostile uttered; the air above was thickened with
dying voices.... Ocean raged, drew itself up on high, the storms rose,
the corpses rolled."[83]
Is the song of the Exodus more abrupt, more vehement, or more savage?
These men can speak of the creation like the Bible, because they speak
of destruction like the Bible. They have only to look into their own
hearts in order to discover an emotion sufficiently strong to raise
their souls to the height of their Creator. This emotion existed already
in their pagan legends; and Cædmon, in order to recount the origin of
things, has only to turn to the ancient dreams, such as have been
preserved in the prophecies of the Edda.
"There had not here as yet, save cavern-shade, aught been; but this wide
abyss stood deep and dim, strange to its Lord, idle and useless; on
which looked with his eyes the King firm of mind, and beheld these
places void of joys; saw the dark cloud lower in eternal night, swart
under heaven, dark and waste, until this worldly creation through the
word existed of the Glory-King.... The earth as yet was not green with
grass; ocean cover'd, swart in eternal night, far and wide the dusky
ways."[84]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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