[Footnote 12: Melanchthon, preface to Luther's works: "It is clear that the works of Thomas, Scotus, and the like, are utterly silent about the element of justification by faith, and contain many errors concerning the most important questions relating to the church. It is clear that, the discourses of the monks in their churches almost throughout the world were either fables about purgatory and the saints or else some kind of dogma of law or discipline, without a word of the gospel concerning Christ, or else were vain trifles about distinctions in the matter of food, about feasts, and other human traditions.... The gospel is pure, incorruptible, and not diluted with Gentile opinions." See also Fox, "Acts and Monuments," 8 vols. ed. Townsend, 1843, II. 42.] [Footnote 13: See Froude, "History of England," I. VI. The conduct of Henry VIII is there presented in a new light.] [Footnote 14: Froude, I. 191. "Petition of Commons." This public and authentic protest shows up all the details of clerical organization and oppression.] [Footnote 15: Froude, I. 26; II. 192.] [Footnote 16: In May, 1528. Froude, I. 194.] [Footnote 17: Hale, "Criminal Causes. Suppression of the Monasteries," Camden Society Publications. Froude, I. 194-201.] [Footnote 18: Latimer's Sermons.] [Footnote 19: They called them "horsyn prestes, horson," or "whorson knaves." Hale, p. 99, quoted by Froude, I. 199.] [Footnote 20: Froude, I. 101 (1514).] [Footnote 21: Fox, "Acts and Monuments," IV. 221.] [Footnote 22: See, passim, the prints of Fox. All the details which follow are from biographies. See those of Cromwell, by Carlyle, of Fox the Quaker, of Bunyan, and the trials reported at length by Fox.] [Footnote 23: Froude, II. 33: "The bishops said in 1529, 'In the crime of heresy, thanked be God there hath no notable person fallen in our time.'"] [Footnote 24: In 1536. Strype's "Memorials," appendix. Froude, III. ch. 12.] [Footnote 25: Coverdale. Froude, III. 81.] [Footnote 26: 1549. Tyndale's translation.] [Footnote 27: An expression of Stendhal's; it was his general impression.] [Footnote 28: The time of which M. Taine speaks and the translation of Tyndale precede by at least fifty years the appearance of "Macbeth" (1606). Shakespeare's audience read the present authorized translation.--Tr.] [Footnote 29: See Lemaistre de Sacy's French translation of the Bible, so slightly biblical.] [Footnote 30: See Ewald, "Geschichte des Volks Israel," his apostrophe to the third writer of the Pentateuch, "Erhabener Geist," etc.] [Footnote 31: See Psalm CIV. in Luther's admirable translation and in the English translation.] [Footnote 32: The first Primer of note was in 1545; Froude, V. 141. The Prayer-book underwent several changes in 1552, others under Elizabeth, and a few, lastly, at the Restoration.]