Thackeray and English literature generally do, to an aggregate of virtues and vices; it is to lose sight in him of all but the exterior and social side; it is to neglect the inner and natural element. We will find the same fault in English criticism, always moral, never psychological, bent on exactly measuring the degree of human honesty, ignorant of the mechanism of our sentiments and faculties; we will find the same fault in English religion, which is but an emotion or a discipline; in their philosophy, destitute of metaphysics; and if we ascend to the source, according to the rule which derives vices from virtues, and virtues from vices, we will see all these weaknesses derived from their native energy, their practical education, and that kind of severe and religious poetic instinct which has in time past made them Protestant and Puritan. [Footnote 264: "Vanity Fair." Unless the original octavo edition is mentioned, the translator has always used the collected edition of Thackeray's works in small octavo, 1855-1868, 14 vols.] [Footnote 265: "Vanity Fair," ch. XIX.] [Footnote 266: "Vanity Fair," ch. IX.] [Footnote 267: Thackeray, in his "Book of Snobs," says: "Their usual English expression of intense gloom and subdued agony."] [Footnote 268: "The Edinburgh Review."] [Footnote 269: See the character of Amelia in "Vanity Fair," and of Colonel Newcome in the "Newcomes."] [Footnote 270: "The Book of Snobs," ch. XVI; On Literary Snobs.] [Footnote 271: Stendhal says: "L'esprit et le génie perdent vingt-cinq pour cent de leur valeur en abordant en Angleterre."] [Footnote 272: These remarks are only to be found in the octavo edition of "Pendennis."--Tr.] [Footnote 273: "The History of Samuel Titmarsh and the Great Hoggarty Diamond," ch. XI.] [Footnote 274: Ibid. ch. IX.] [Footnote 275: "The Book of Snobs," ch. I., The Snob playfully dealt with.] [Footnote 276: "Pendennis," ch. LIV.] [Footnote 277: Ibid. ch. LII.] [Footnote 278: Ibid. ch. LIII.] [Footnote 279: Ibid. ch. V.] [Footnote 280: "Pendennis," ch. XXI. This passage is only found in the octavo edition.--Tr.] [Footnote 281: Ibid. ch. XXI.] [Footnote 282: Ibid. ch. XXI. These words are only found in the octavo edition.--Tr.] [Footnote 283: Ibid. ch. LI.] [Footnote 284: See, for example, in the "Great Hoggarty Diamond," the death of the little child. The "Book of Snobs" ends thus: "Fun is good. Truth is still better, and Love best of all."] [Footnote 285: "The Book of Snobs," last chapter.] [Footnote 286: "Vanity Fair," ch. XLVIII. This passage is only found in the original octavo edition.--Tr.] [Footnote 287: "Vanity Fair," ch. XLIX.] [Footnote 288: "Pendennis," ch. LX.] [Footnote 289: "The Book of Snobs," ch. VIII; Great City Snobs.] [Footnote 290: "The Book of Snobs," ch. XXVI; On Some Country Snobs.] [Footnote 291: "Vanity Fair," ch. IV.] [Footnote 292: Ibid. ch. XI.] [Footnote 293: "Vanity Fair," ch. XXX.]