5 “Good and evil are nothing but pleasure and pain, or that which occasions or procures pleasure or pain to us. Moral good and evil then is only the conformity or disagreement of our voluntary actions to some law whereby good or evil is drawn on us by the will and power of the law maker, which good and evil, pleasure or pain, attending our observance or breach of the law by the decree of the law maker, is that we call reward or punishment.”—Locke’s _Essay_, book ii. ch. xxviii. “Take away pleasures and pains, not only happiness, but justice, and duty, and obligation, and virtue, all of which have been so elaborately held up to view as independent of them, are so many empty sounds.”—Bentham’s _Springs of Action_, ch. i. § 15. 6 “Il lui est aussi impossible d’aimer le bien pour le bien, que d’aimer le mal pour le mal.”—Helvétius _De l’Esprit_, disc. ii. ch. v. 7 “Even the goodness which we apprehend in God Almighty, is his goodness to us.”—Hobbes _On Human Nature_, ch. vii. § 3. So Waterland, “To love God is in effect the same thing as to love happiness, eternal happiness; and the love of happiness is still the love of ourselves.”—_Third Sermon on Self-love._ 8 “Reverence is the conception we have concerning another, that he hath the power to do unto us both good and hurt, but not the will to do us hurt.”—Hobbes _On Human Nature_, ch. viii. § 7. 9 “The pleasures of piety are the pleasures that accompany the belief of a man’s being in the acquisition, or in possession of the goodwill or favour of the Supreme Being; and as a fruit of it, of his being in the way of enjoying pleasures to be received by God’s special appointment either in this life or in a life to come.”—Bentham’s _Principles of Morals and Legislation_, ch. v. “The pains of piety are the pains that accompany the belief of a man’s being obnoxious to the displeasure of the Supreme Being, and in consequence to certain pains to be inflicted by His especial appointment, either in this life or in a life to come. These may be also called the pains of religion.”—Ibid.