History of European Morals From Augustus to Charlemagne (Vol. 1 of 2)Lecky, William Edward Hartpole
Philosophy
History of European Morals From Augustus to Charlemagne (Vol. 1 of 2)
Lecky, William Edward Hartpole
Ethics; Europe -- Moral conditions
68 “On évalue la grandeur de la vertu en comparant les biens obtenus
aux maux au prix desquels on les achète: l’excédant en bien mesure
la valeur de la vertu, comme l’excédant en mal mesure le degré de
haine que doit inspirer le vice.”—Ch. Comte, _Traité de
Législation_, liv. ii. ch. xii.
69 M. Dumont, the translator of Bentham, has elaborated in a rather
famous passage the utilitarian notions about vengeance. “Toute
espèce de satisfaction entraînant une peine pour le délinquant
produit naturellement un plaisir de vengeance pour la partie lésée.
Ce plaisir est un gain. Il rappelle la parabole de Samson. C’est le
doux qui sort du terrible. C’est le miel recueilli dans la gueule du
lion. Produit sans frais, résultat net d’une opération nécessaire à
d’autres titres, c’est une jouissance à cultiver comme toute autre;
car le plaisir de la vengeance considérée abstraitement n’est comme
tout autre plaisir qu’un bien en lui-même.”—_Principes du Code
pénal_, 2me partie, ch. xvi. According to a very acute living writer
of this school, “The criminal law stands to the passion of revenge
in much the same relation as marriage to the sexual appetite” (J. F.
Stephen, _On the Criminal Law of England_, p. 99). Mr. Mill observes
that, “In the golden rule of Jesus of Nazareth, we read the complete
spirit of the ethics of utility” (_Utilitarianism_, p. 24). It is
but fair to give a specimen of the opposite order of extravagance.
“So well convinced was Father Claver of the eternal happiness of
almost all whom he assisted,” says this saintly missionary’s
biographer, “that speaking once of some persons who had delivered a
criminal into the hands of justice, he said, God _forgive_ them; but
they have secured the salvation of this man at _the probable risk of
their own_.”—Newman’s _Anglican Difficulties_, p. 205.
_ 70 De Ordine_, ii. 4. The experiment has more than once been tried at
Venice, Pisa, &c., and always with the results St. Augustine
predicted.
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