Ascetics, their estimate of the dreadful nature of sin, i. 113. Decline of asceticism and evanescence of the moral notions of which it was the expression, 113. Condition of society to which it belongs, 130. Decline of the ascetic and saintly qualities with civilisation, 130. Causes of the ascetic movement, ii. 102. Its rapid extension, 103-105. Penances attributed to the saints of the desert, 107-109. Miseries and joys of the hermit life, 113 _et seq._ Dislike of the monks to knowledge, 115. Their hallucinations, 116. Relations of female devotees with the anchorites, 120. Ways in which the ascetic life affected both the ideal type and realised condition of morals, 122, _et seq._ Extreme animosity of the ascetics to everything pagan, 136, 137. Decline of the civic virtues caused by asceticism, 139. Moral effects of asceticism on self-sacrifice, 154, 155. Moral beauty of some of the legends of the ascetics, 156. Legends of the connection between the saints and the animal world, 161. Practical form of asceticism in the West, 177. Influence of asceticism on chastity, 319, 320. On marriage, 320. On the estimate of women, 337 Asella, story of her asceticism, ii. 133 Asia Minor, destruction of the churches of, ii. 14 Aspasia, the Athenian courtesan, ii. 293 Asses, feast of, ii. 173 Association, Hartley’s doctrine of, i. 22. Partly anticipated by Hutcheson and Gay, 23. Illustrations of the system of association, 26-30. The theory, how far selfish, 30. The essential and characteristic feature of conscience wholly unaccounted for by the association of ideas, 66 Astrology, belief in, rapidly gaining ground in the time of the elder Pliny, i. 171, and _note_ Atticus, his suicide, i. 215, and _note_ Augustine, St., on original sin, i. 209. His belief in contemporary miracles, 378. On the decline of the Roman empire, 410. His condemnation of virgin suicides, ii. 47 Augustus, his solemn degradation of the statue of Neptune, i. 169. His mode of discouraging celibacy, 232. Miraculous stories related of him, 258. His superstition, 376. Advice of Mæcenas to him, 399. His consideration for the religious customs of the Jews, 406 Aulus Gellius, his account of the rhetoricians, i. 313. Compared with Helvétius, 313