Gladiatorial shows, influence of Christianity on the suppression of, i. 34. Reasons why the Romans saw nothing criminal in them, 101. History and effect on the Romans of, 271-283. How regarded by moralists and historians, 284. The passion for them not inconsistent with humanity in other spheres, 288. Gnostics, accusations against the, by the early Fathers, i. 417. Their tenets, ii. 102 God, the Utilitarian view of the goodness of, i. 9, and _note_. Question of the disinterestedness of the love we should bear to, 18. Our knowledge of Him derived from our own moral nature, 55. Early traces of an all-pervading soul of nature in Greece, 161, 162, 170. Philosophic definitions of the Deity, 162, _note_. Pantheistic conception of, by the Stoics and Platonists, 163. Recognition of Providence by the Roman moralists, 196. Two aspects under which the Stoics worshipped the Divinity—providence and moral goodness, 198 Gods, the, of the ancients, i. 161, _et seq._ Euhemerus’ theory of the explanation of the prevailing legends of the gods, 163. Views of Cicero of the popular beliefs, 165. Opinions of the Stoics, of Ovid, and of Horace, 166. Nature of the gods of the Romans, 167. Decline of Roman reverence for the gods, 168, 169 Good, pleasure equivalent to, according to the Utilitarians, i. 8, _note_, 9 Gracchi, colonial policy of the, i. 233 Grazers, sect of, ii. 109 Greeks, ancient, their callous murder of children, i. 45, 46. Low state of female morality among them. Their enforcement of monogamy, 104. Celibacy of some of their priests and priestesses, 105. Early traces of a religion of nature, 161. Universal providence attributed to Zeus, 161. Scepticism of the philosophers, 161, 162. Importance of biography in the moral teaching of the, i. 74. Difference between the teaching of the Roman moralists and the Greek poets, 195. On death, and future punishment, 205, 206. Greek suicides, 212. Gentleness and humanity of the Greek character, 227. Influence on Roman character, 227, 228. The Greek spirit at first as far removed from cosmopolitanism as that of Rome, 228. Causes of Greek cosmopolitanism, 229. Extent of Greek influence at Rome, 230. Gladiatorial shows among them, 276. Spirit of their religion contrasted with that of the Egyptians, 324. Their intolerance of foreign religions, 406. Condition and fall of their empire of the East, ii. 12-14. Their practice of infanticide, 25-27. Their treatment of animals, 164. Their treatment of prisoners taken in war, 257, 258. Their marriage customs, 277. Women in the poetic age, 278. Peculiarity of Greek feelings on the position of women, 280, 281. Unnatural forms assumed by vice amongst them, 294 Gregory the Great, his contempt for Pagan literature, ii. 201, _note_. His attitude towards Phocas, 264