The sinfulness of divorce maintained by the Church, 350-353. Abolition of compulsory marriages, 353. Condemnation of mixed marriages, 353, 354. Education of women, 355. Relation of Christianity to the female virtues, 358. Comparison of male and female characteristics, 358. The Pagan and Christian ideal of woman contrasted, 361-363. Conspicuous part of woman in the early Church, 363-365. Care of widows, 367. Worship of the Virgin, 368, 369. Effect of the suppression of the conventual system on women, 369. Revolution going on in the employments of women, 373 Xenocrates, his tenderness, ii. 163 Xenophanes, his scepticism, i. 162 Xenophon, his picture of Greek married life, ii. 288 Zadok, the founder of the Sadducees, i. 183, _note_ Zeno, vast place occupied by his system in the moral history of man, i. 171. His suicide, 212. His inculcation of the practice of self-examination, 248 Zeus, universal providence attributed by the Greeks to, i. 161 FOOTNOTES 1 There is a remarkable passage of Celsus, on the impossibility of restoring a nature once thoroughly depraved, quoted by Origen in his answer to him. 2 This is well shown by Pressensé in his _Hist. des Trois premiers Siècles_. 3 See a great deal of information on this subject in Bingham’s _Antiquities of the Christian Church_ (Oxford, 1853), vol. v. pp. 370-378. It is curious that those very noisy contemporary divines who profess to resuscitate the manners of the primitive Church, and who lay so much stress on the minutest ceremonial observances, have left unpractised what was undoubtedly one of the most universal, and was believed to be one of the most important, of the institutions of early Christianity. Bingham shows that the administration of the Eucharist to infants continued in France till the twelfth century. 4 See Cave’s _Primitive Christianity_, part i. ch. xi. At first the Sacrament was usually received every day; but this custom soon declined in the Eastern Church, and at last passed away in the West. 5 Plin. _Ep._ x. 97. 6 The whole subject of the penitential discipline is treated minutely in Marshall’s _Penitential Discipline of the Primitive Church_ (first published in 1714, and reprinted in the library of Anglo-Catholic Theology), and also in Bingham, vol. vii. Tertullian gives a graphic description of the public penances, _De Pudicit._ v. 13. 7 Eusebius, _H. E._ viii, 7. 8 St. Chrysostom tells this of St. Babylas. See Tillemont, _Mém. pour servir à l’Hist. eccl._ tome iii. p. 403.