“Venit de Anglia virgo decora valde, pariterque facunda, dicens, Spiritum Sanctum incarnatum in redemptionem mulierum, et baptizavit mulieres in nomine Patris, Filii et sui. Quæ mortua ducta fuit in Mediolanum, ibi et cremata.”—_Annales Dominicanorum Colmariensium_ (in the “Rerum Germanic. Scriptores”). 179 “Martin Gonçalez, du diocèse de Cuenca, disoit qu’il etoit frère de l’archange S. Michel, la première vérité et l’échelle du ciel; que c’étoit pour lui que Dieu réservoit la place que Lucifer avoit perdue; que tous les jours il s’élevoit au plus haut de l’Empirée et descendoit ensuite au plus profond des enfers; qu’a la fin du monde, qui étoit proche, il iroit au devant de l’Antichrist et qu’il le terrasseroit, ayant á sa main la croix de Jésus-Christ et sa couronne d’épines. L’archevêque de Tolède, n’ayant pu convertir ce fanatique obstiné, ni l’empêcher de dogmatiser, l’avoit enfin livré au bras séculier.”—Touron, _Hist. des Hommes illustres de l’ordre de St. Dominique_, Paris, 1745 (_Vie d’Eyméricus_), tome ii. p. 635. 180 Calmeil, _De la Folie_, tome i. p. 134. 181 Ibid. tome i. pp. 242-247. 182 Calmeil, tome i. p. 247. 183 See Esquirol, _Maladies mentales_. 184 Gibbon, _Decline and Fall_, ch. xxxvii. 185 Purchas’s _Pilgrims_, ii. 1452. 186 Desmaisons’ _Asiles d’Aliénés en Espagne_, p. 53. 187 Leo Africanus, _Description of Africa_, book iii. 188 I have taken these facts from a very interesting little work, Desmaisons, _Des Asiles d’Aliénés en Espagne; Recherches historiques et médicales_ (Paris, 1859). Dr. Desmaisons conjectures that the Spaniards took their asylums from the Mohammedans; but, as it seems to me, he altogether fails to prove his point. His work, however, contains some curious information on the history of lunatic asylums. 189 Amydemus, _Pietas Romana_ (Oxford, 1687), p. 21; Desmaisons, p. 108. 190 Pinel, _Traité médico-philosophique_, pp. 241, 242. 191 See the dreadful description in Pinel, pp. 200-202. 192 Malthus, who is sometimes, though most unjustly, described as an enemy to all charity, has devoted an admirable chapter (_On Population_, book iv. ch. ix.) to the “direction of our charity;” but the fullest examination of this subject with which I am acquainted is the very interesting work of Duchâtel, _Sur la Charité_. 193 This is very tersely expressed by a great Protestant writer: “I give no alms to satisfy the hunger of my brother, but to fulfil and accomplish the will and command of my God.”—Sir T. Brown, _Religio Medici_, part ii. § 2. A saying almost exactly similar is, if I remember right, ascribed to St. Elizabeth of Hungary. 194 See Butler’s _Lives of the Saints_. 195 Campion’s _Historie of Ireland_, book ii. chap. x.