[385] Odyss. iii. 260-275; iv. 512-537; xi. 408. Deinias in his
Argolica, and other historians of that territory, fixed the
precise day of the murder of Agamemnôn,—the thirteenth of the
month Gamêliôn (Schol. ad Sophokl. Elektr. 275).
For seven years Ægisthus and Klytæmnêstra reigned in tranquillity at
Mykênæ on the throne of the murdered Agamemnôn. But in the eighth year
the retribution announced by the gods overtook them: Orestês, grown to
manhood, returned and avenged his father by killing Ægisthus, according
to Homer; subsequent poets add, his mother also. He recovered the
kingdom of Mykênæ, and succeeded Menelaus in that of Sparta. Hermionê,
the only daughter of Menelaus and Helen, was sent into the realm of the
Myrmidons in Thessaly, as the bride of Neoptolemus, son of Achilles,
according to the promise made by her father during the siege of
Troy.[386]
[386] Odyss. iii. 306; iv. 9
Here ends the Homeric legend of the Pelopids, the final act
of Orestês being cited as one of unexampled glory.[387] Later
poets made many additions: they dwelt upon his remorse and
hardly-earned pardon for the murder of his mother, and upon his
devoted friendship for Pylades; they wove many interesting tales,
too, respecting his sisters Iphigeneia and Elektra and his cousin
Hermionê,—names which have become naturalized in every climate
and incorporated with every form of poetry.
[387] Odyss. i. 299.
These poets did not at all scruple to depart from Homer, and to give
other genealogies of their own, with respect to the chief persons
of the Pelopid family. In the Iliad and Odyssey, Agamemnôn is son
of Atreus: in the Hesiodic Eoiai and in Stesichorus, he is son of
Pleisthenês the son of Atreus.[388] In Homer, he is specially marked
as reigning at Mykênæ; but Stesichorus, Simonidês and Pindar[389]
represented him as having both resided and perished at Sparta or at
Amyklæ. According to the ancient Cyprian Verses, Helen was represented
as the daughter of Zeus and Nemesis: in one of the Hesiodic poems
she was introduced as an Oceanic nymph, daughter of Oceanus and
Têthys.[390] The genealogical discrepancies, even as to the persons of
the principal heroes and heroines, are far too numerous to be cited,
nor is it necessary to advert to them, except as they bear upon the
unavailing attempt to convert such legendary parentage into a basis of
historical record or chronological calculation.
[388] Hesiod. Fragm. 60. p. 44, ed. Düntzer; Stesichor. Fragm.
44, Kleine. The Scholiast ad Soph. Elektr. 539, in reference to
another discrepancy between Homer and the Hesiodic poems about
the children of Helen, remarks that we ought not to divert our
attention from that which is moral and salutary to ourselves in
the poets (τὰ ἠθικὰ καὶ χρήσιμα ἡμῖν τοῖς ἐντυγχάνουσι), in order
to cavil at their genealogical contradictions.
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