To set against these evidences of unity, there ought, at least,
to be some strong cases produced of occasional incoherence
or contradiction. But it is remarkable how little of such
counter-evidence is to be found, although the arguments of Wolf,
W. Müller, and B. Thiersch stand so much in need of it. They have
discovered only one instance of undeniable inconsistency in the
parts,—the number of days occupied by the absence of Telemachus at
Pylus and Sparta. That young prince, though represented as in great
haste to depart, and refusing pressing invitations to prolong his
stay, must, nevertheless, be supposed to have continued for thirty
days the guest of Menelaus, in order to bring his proceedings into
chronological harmony with those of Odysseus, and to explain the
first meeting of father and son in the swine-fold of Eumæus. Here is
undoubtedly an inaccuracy, (so Nitzsch[277] treats it, and I think
justly) on the part of the poet, who did not anticipate, and did not
experience in ancient times, so strict a scrutiny; an inaccuracy
certainly not at all wonderful; the matter of real wonder is, that it
stands almost alone, and that there are no others in the poem.
[277] Nitzsch, Plan und Gang der Odyssee, p. xliii, prefixed to
the second vol. of his Commentary on the Odysseis.
“At carminum primi auditores non adeo curiosi erant (observes
Mr. Payne Knight, Proleg. c. xxiii.), ut ejusmodi rerum
rationes aut exquirerent aut expenderent; neque eorum fides e
subtilioribus congruentiis omnino pendebat. Monendi enim sunt
etiam atque etiam Homericorum studiosi, veteres illos ἀοιδοὺς
non linguâ professoriâ inter viros criticos et grammaticos, aut
alios quoscunque argutiarum captatores, carmina cantitasse,
sed inter eos qui sensibus animorum libere, incaute, et effuse
indulgerent,” etc. Chap. xxii-xxvii. of Mr. Knight’s Prolegomena,
are valuable to the same purpose, showing the “homines rudes et
agrestes,” of that day, as excellent judges of what fell under
their senses and observation, but careless, credulous, and
unobservant of contradiction, in matters which came only under
the mind’s eye.
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