include the priests; while those specified by Plutarch leave out the
latter and include the former.[79]
[74] Philochorus ap. Strabo, ix, p. 396. See Schömann, Antiq. J.
P. Græc. b. v, sect. 2-5.
[75] Strabo, ix, p. 392. Philochorus and Andrôn extended the
kingdom of Nisus from the isthmus of Corinth as far as the
Pythium (near Œnoê) and Eleusis (Str. _ib._); but there were many
different tales.
[76] Pollux, viii, c. 9, 109-111.
[77] Iôn, the father of the four heroes after whom these tribes
were named, was affirmed by one story to be the primitive
civilizing legislator of Attica, like Lykurgus, Numa, or
Deukaliôn (Plutarch. adv. Kolôten, c. 31, p. 1125).
[78] Thus Euripides derives the Αἰγικορεῖς, not from αἲξ, a
goat, but from Αἰγὶς, the Ægis of Athênê (Ion. 1581): he also
gives _Teleontes_, derived from an eponymous _Teleôn_, son of
Iôn, while the inscriptions at Kyzikus concur with Herodotus and
others in giving Geleontes. Plutarch (Solon, 25) gives Gedeontes.
In an Athenian inscription recently published by Professor Ross
(dating, seemingly, in the first century after the Christian
era), the worship of Zeus Geleôn at Athens has been for the first
time verified,—Διὸς Γελέοντος ἱεροκήρυξ (Ross, _Die Attischen
Demen_, pp. vii-ix. Halle 1846).
[79] Plutarch (Solon, c. 25); Strabo, viii, p. 383. Compare
Plato, Kritias, p. 110.
All that seems certain is, that these were the four ancient Ionic
tribes—analogous to the Hylleis, Pamphyli, and Dymanes among the
Dorians—which prevailed not only at Athens, but among several of
the Ionic cities derived from Athens. The Geleontes are mentioned
in inscriptions now remaining belonging to Teôs in Ionia, and all
the four are named in those of Kyzikus in the Propontis, which was
a foundation from the Ionic Miletus.[80] The four tribes, and the
four names (allowing for some variations of reading), are therefore
historically verified; but neither the time of their introduction
nor their primitive import are ascertainable matters, nor can any
faith be put in the various constructions of the legends of Iôn,
Erechtheus, and Kekrops, by modern commentators.
[80] Boeckh, Corp. Inscr. Nos. 3078, 3079, 3665. The elaborate
commentary on this last-mentioned inscription, in which Boeckh
vindicates the early historical reality of the classification by
professions, is noway satisfactory to my mind.
K. F. Hermann (Lehrbuch der Griechischen Staats Alterthümer,
sect. 91-96) gives a summary of all that can be known respecting
these old Athenian tribes. Compare Ilgen, De Tribubus Atticis,
p. 9, _seq._; Tittmann, Griechische Staats Verfassungen, pp.
570-582; Wachsmuth, Hellenische Alterthumskunde, sect. 43, 44.
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