The Greeks at Salamis learned with surprise and joy the departure
of the hostile fleet from the bay of Phalêrum, and immediately put
themselves in pursuit; following as far as the island of Andros
without success. Themistoklês and the Athenians are even said to
have been anxious to push on forthwith to the Hellespont, and there
break down the bridge of boats, in order to prevent the escape of
Xerxes,—had they not been restrained by the caution of Eurybiadês and
the Peloponnesians, who represented that it was dangerous to detain
the Persian monarch in the heart of Greece. Themistoklês readily
suffered himself to be persuaded, and contributed much to divert his
countrymen from the idea; while he at the same time sent the faithful
Sikinnus a second time to Xerxes, with the intimation that he,
Themistoklês, had restrained the impatience of the Greeks to proceed
without delay and burn the Hellespontine bridge,—and that he had
thus, from personal friendship to the monarch, secured for him a safe
retreat.[278] Though this is the story related by Herodotus, we can
hardly believe that, with the great Persian land-force in the heart
of Attica, there could have been any serious idea of so distant an
operation as that of attacking the bridge at the Hellespont. It seems
more probable that Themistoklês fabricated the intention, with a view
of frightening Xerxes away, as well as of establishing a personal
claim upon his gratitude in reserve for future contingences.
[278] Herodot. viii, 109, 110; Thucyd. i, 137. The words
ἢν ψευδῶς προσεποιήσατο may probably be understood in a
sense somewhat larger than that which they naturally bear
in Thucydidês. In point of fact, not only was it false that
Themistoklês was the person who dissuaded the Greeks from going
to the Hellespont, but it was also false that the Greeks had ever
any serious intention of going there. Compare Cornelius Nepos,
Themistokl. c. 5.
Such crafty manœuvres and long-sighted calculations of possibility,
seem extraordinary: but the facts are sufficiently attested,—since
Themistoklês lived to claim as well as to receive fulfilment of the
obligation thus conferred,—and though extraordinary, they will not
appear inexplicable, if we reflect, first, that the Persian game,
even now, after the defeat of Salamis, was not only not desperate,
but might perfectly well have succeeded, if it had been played
with reasonable prudence: next, that there existed in the mind of
this eminent man an almost unparalleled combination of splendid
patriotism, long-sighted cunning, and selfish rapacity. Themistoklês
knew better than any one else that the cause of Greece had appeared
utterly desperate, only a few hours before the late battle: moreover,
a clever man, tainted with such constant guilt, might naturally
calculate on being one day detected and punished, even if the Greeks
proved successful.
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