We may notice, as partial illustrations of what is here intended,
those sudden, unaccountable impressions of panic terror which
occasionally ran through the ancient armies or assembled
multitudes, and which were supposed to be produced by Pan or by
Nymphs—indeed sudden, violent, and contagious impressions of
every kind, not merely of fear. Livy, x, 28. “Victorem equitatum
velut _lymphaticus_ pavor dissipat.” ix, 27. “Milites, incertum
ob quam causam, _lymphatis_ similes ad arma discurrunt,”—in
Greek, νυμφόληπτοι: compare Polyæn, iv. 3, 26, and an instructive
note of Mutzel, ad Quint. Curt. iv, 46, 1 (iv, 12, 14).
But I cannot better illustrate that idea, which the Greeks
invested with divinity under the name of Φήμη, than by
transcribing a striking passage from M. Michelet’s Histoire de la
Révolution Françoise. The illustration is the more instructive,
because the religious point of view, which in Herodotus is
predominant,—and which, to the believing mind, furnishes an
explanation preëminently satisfactory,—has passed away in the
historian of the nineteenth century, and gives place to a graphic
description of the real phenomenon, of high importance in human
affairs; the common susceptibilities, common inspiration and
common spontaneous impulse, of a multitude, effacing for the time
each man’s separate individuality.
M. Michelet is about to describe that ever-memorable event, the
capture of the Bastile, on the 14th of July, 1789 (ch. vii, vol.
i, p. 105).
“Versailles, avec un gouvernement organisé, un roi, des
ministres, un général, une armée, n’étoit qu’hésitation, doute,
incertitude, dans la plus complète anarchie morale.
“Paris, bouleversé, délaissé de toute autorité légale, dans un
désordre apparent, atteignit, le 14 Juillet, ce qui moralement
est l’ordre le plus profond, l’unanimité des esprits.
“Le 13 Juillet, Paris ne songeait qu’à se defendre. Le 14, il
attaqua.
“Le 13, au soir, il y avoit encore des doutes, il n’y en eut plus
le matin. Le soir étoit plein de troubles, de fureur désordonnée.
Le matin fut lumineux et d’une sérénité terrible.
“_Une idée se leva sur Paris avec le jour, et tous virent la même
lumière. Une lumière dans les esprits, et dans chaque cœur une
voix_: Va, et tu prendras la Bastille!
“Cela étoit impossible, insensé, étrange à dire;... Et tous le
crurent néanmoins. Et cela se fit.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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