The Lacedæmonians on the right wing, and the portion of the army
near them, had a difficult path before them, over hilly ground and
ravine; while the Athenians, Corinthians, Sikyonians, and Trœzenians,
and the left half of the army, marching only along the beach, came
much sooner into conflict with the enemy. The Persians, as at Platæa,
employed their _gerrha_, or wicker bucklers, planted by spikes in
the ground, as a breastwork, from behind which they discharged
their arrows, and they made a strenuous resistance to prevent this
defence from being overthrown. Ultimately, the Greeks succeeded
in demolishing it, and in driving the enemy into the interior of
the fortification, where they in vain tried to maintain themselves
against the ardor of the pursuers, who forced their way into it
almost along with the defenders. Even when this last rampart was
carried, and when the Persian allies had fled, the native Persians
still continued to prolong the struggle with undiminished bravery.
Unpractised in line and drill, and acting only in small knots,[400]
with disadvantages of armor, such as had been felt severely at
Platæa, they still maintained an unequal conflict with the Greek
hoplites; nor was it until the Lacedæmonians with their half of the
army arrived to join in the attack, that the defence was abandoned
as hopeless. The revolt of the Ionians in the camp put the finishing
stroke to this ruinous defeat: first, the disarmed Samians; next,
other Ionians and Æolians; lastly, the Milesians who had been posted
to guard the passes in the rear, not only deserted, but took an
active part in the attack; and the Milesians especially, to whom the
Persians had trusted for guidance up to the summits of Mykalê, led
them by wrong roads, threw them into the hands of their pursuers, and
at last set upon them with their own hands. A large number of the
native Persians, together with both the generals of the land-force,
Tigranês and Mardontês, perished in this disastrous battle: the two
Persian admirals, Artayntês and Ithamithrês, escaped, but the army
was irretrievably dispersed, while all the ships which had been
dragged up on the shore fell into the hands of the assailants, and
were burned. But the victory of the Greeks was by no means bloodless:
among the left wing, upon which the brunt of the action had fallen,
a considerable number of men were slain, especially Sikyonians,
with their commander Perilaus.[401] The honors of the battle were
awarded, first to the Athenians, next to the Corinthians, Sikyonians,
and Trœzenians; the Lacedæmonians having done comparatively little.
Hermolykus the Athenian, a celebrated pankratiast, was the warrior
most distinguished for individual feats of arms.[402]
[400] Herodot. ix, 102, 103. Οὗτοι δὲ (Πέρσαι), κατ’ ὀλίγους
γινόμενοι, ἐμάχοντο τοῖσι αἰεὶ ἐς τὸ τεῖχος ἐσπίπτουσι Ἑλλήνων.
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