Ἃ δ᾽ ἔστ᾽ ἄσημα, κοὐ σαφῆ, γιγνώσκομεν
Εἰς πῦρ βλέποντες, καὶ κατὰ σπλάγχνων πτύχας
Μάντεις προσημαίνουσιν οἰωνῶν τ᾽ ἄπο.
Ἆρ᾽ οὐ τρυφῶμεν, θεοῦ κατασκευὴν βίου
Δόντος τοιαύτην, οἷσιν οὐκ ἀρκεῖ τάδε;
Ἀλλ᾽ ἡ φρόνησις τοῦ θεοῦ μεῖζον σθένειν
Ζητεῖ· τὸ γαῦρον δ᾽ ἐν χεροῖν κεκτημένοι
Δοκοῦμεν εἶναι δαιμόνων σοφώτεροι (Supplices, 211).
It will be observed that this constant outpouring of special
revelations, through prophets, omens, etc., was (in the view of
these Sokratic thinkers) an essential part of the divine
government; indispensable to satisfy their ideas of the
benevolence of the gods; since rational and scientific
prediction was so habitually at fault and unable to fathom the
phenomena of the future.
[219] Xen. Anab. v. 6, 29.
[220] Though Xenophon accounted sacrifice to be an essential
preliminary to any action of dubious result, and placed great
faith in the indications which the victims offered, as signs of
the future purposes of the gods,—he nevertheless had very little
confidence in the professional prophets. He thought them quite
capable of gross deceit (See Xen. Cyrop. i, 6, 2, 3; compare
Sophokles, Antigone, 1035, 1060; and Œdip. Tyrann. 387).
Thus prematurely and insidiously divulged, the scheme found some
supporters, but a far larger number of opponents; especially among
those officers who were jealous of the ascendency of Xenophon.
Timasion and Thorax employed it as a means of alarming the
Herakleotic and Sinopian traders in the camp; telling them that
unless they provided not merely transports, but also pay for the
soldiers, Xenophon would find means to detain the army in the Euxine,
and would employ the transports when they arrived, not for the
homeward voyage, but for his own projects of acquisition This news
spread so much terror both at Sinôpê and Herakleia, that large offers
of money were made from both cities to Timasion, on condition that he
would ensure the departure of the army, as soon as the vessels should
be assembled at Kotyôra. Accordingly these officers, convening an
assembly of the soldiers, protested against the duplicity of Xenophon
in thus preparing momentous schemes without any public debate or
decision. And Timasion, seconded by Thorax, not only strenuously
urged the army to return, but went so far as to promise to them, on
the faith of the assurances from Herakleia and Sinôpê, future pay
on a liberal scale, to commence from the first new moon after their
departure; together with a hospitable reception in his native city of
Dardanus on the Hellespont, from whence they could make incursions on
the rich neighboring satrapy of Pharnabazus.[221]
[221] Xen. Anab. v, 6, 19-26.
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