But all the crying oppressions set forth in the complaints of the
maritime cities would have been insufficient to procure the recall
of Lysander from his command in the Hellespont, had not Pharnabazus
joined his remonstrances to the rest. These last representations so
strengthened the enemies of Lysander at Sparta, that a peremptory
order was sent to recall him. Constrained to obey, he came back to
Sparta; but the comparative disgrace, and the loss of that boundless
power which he had enjoyed on his command was so insupportable
to him, that he obtained permission to go on a pilgrimage to the
temple of Zeus Ammon in Libya, under the plea that he had a vow
to discharge.[349] He appears also to have visited the temples
of Delphi and Dodona,[350] with secret ambitious projects which
will be mentioned presently. This politic withdrawal softened the
jealousy against him, so that we shall find him, after a year or
two, reëstablished in great influence and ascendency. He was sent as
Spartan envoy, at what precise moment we do not know, to Syracuse,
where he lent countenance and aid to the recently established
despotism of Dionysius.[351]
[349] Plutarch, Lysand. c. 19, 20, 21.
The facts, which Plutarch states respecting Lysander, cannot be
reconciled with the chronology which he adopts. He represents
the recall of Lysander at the instance of Pharnabazus, with all
the facts which preceded it, as having occurred prior to the
reconstitution of the Athenian democracy, which event we know to
have taken place in the summer of 403 B.C.
Lysander captured Samos in the latter half of 404 B.C., after the
surrender of Athens. After the capture of Samos, he came home in
triumph, in the autumn of 404 B.C. (Xen. Hellen. iii, 3, 9). He
was at home, or serving in Attica, in the beginning of 403 B.C.
(Xen. Hellen. ii, 4, 30).
Now when Lysander came home at the end of 404 B.C., it was his
triumphant return; it was not a recall provoked by complaints of
Pharnabazus. Yet there can have been no other return before the
restoration of the democracy at Athens.
The recall of Lysander must have been the termination, not of
this command, but of a subsequent command. Moreover, it seems
to me necessary, in order to make room for the facts stated
respecting Lysander as well as about the dekarchies, that we
should suppose him to have been again sent out (after his quarrel
with Pausanias in Attica) in 403 B.C., to command in Asia. This
is nowhere positively stated, but I find nothing to contradict
it, and I see no other way of making room for the facts stated
about Lysander.
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