It came too late to aid in the defence of Miletus. Three days before
its arrival, Nikanor the Macedonian admiral, with his fleet of one
hundred and sixty ships, had occupied the island of Ladê, which
commanded the harbor of that city. Alexander found the outer portion
of Miletus evacuated, and took it without resistance. He was making
preparations to besiege the inner city, and had already transported
4000 troops across to the island of Ladê, when the powerful Persian
fleet came in sight, but found itself excluded from Miletus, and
obliged to take moorings under the neighboring promontory of Mykalê.
Unwilling to abandon without a battle the command of the sea,
Parmenio advised Alexander to fight this fleet, offering himself to
share the hazard aboard. But Alexander disapproved the proposition,
affirming that his fleet was inferior not less in skill than in
numbers; that the high training of the Macedonians would tell for
nothing on shipboard; and that a naval defeat would be the signal for
insurrection in Greece. Besides debating such prudential reasons,
Alexander and Parmenio also differed about the religious promise of
the case. On the sea-shore, near the stern of the Macedonian ships,
Parmenio had seen an eagle, which filled him with confidence that
the ships would prove victorious. But Alexander contended that this
interpretation was incorrect. Though the eagle doubtless promised to
him victory, yet it had been seen on land—and therefore his victories
would be on land: hence the result signified was, that he would
overcome the Persian fleet, by means of land-operations.[215] This
part of the debate, between two practical military men of ability,
is not the least interesting of the whole; illustrating as it does,
not only the religious susceptibilities of the age, but also the
pliancy of the interpretative process, lending itself equally well
to inferences totally opposite. The difference between a sagacious
and a dull-witted prophet, accommodating ambiguous omens to useful or
mischievous conclusions, was one of very material importance in the
ancient world.
[215] Arrian, i. 18, 9-15; i. 20, 2.
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