It deserves particular notice, that though the macedonizing policy
was now decidedly in the ascendent—accepted, even by dissentients,
as the only course admissible under the circumstances, and confirmed
the more by each successive victory of Alexander—yet statesmen, like
Lykurgus and Demosthenes, of notorious anti-Macedonian sentiment,
still held a conspicuous and influential position, though of course
restricted to matters of internal administration. Thus Lykurgus
continued to be the real acting minister of finance, for three
successive Panathenaic intervals of four years each, or for an
uninterrupted period of twelve years. He superintended not merely
the entire collection, but also the entire disbursement of the
public revenue; rendering strict periodical account, yet with a
financial authority greater than had belonged to any statesman since
Perikles. He improved the gymnasia and stadia of the city—multiplied
the donatives and sacred furniture in the temples—enlarged, or
constructed anew, docks and arsenals,—provided a considerable
stock of arms and equipments, military as well as naval—and
maintained four hundred triremes in a seaworthy condition, for the
protection of Athenian commerce. In these extensive functions he
was never superseded, though Alexander at one time sent to require
the surrender of his person, which was refused by the Athenian
people.[665] The main cause of his firm hold upon the public mind,
was, his known and indisputable pecuniary probity, wherein he was the
parallel of Phokion.
[665] See the remarkable decree in honor of Lykurgus, passed by
the Athenian people seventeen or eighteen years after his death,
in the archonship of Anaxikrates, B. C. 307 (Plutarch,
Vit. X. Oratt. p. 852). The reciting portion of this decree,
constituting four-fifths of the whole, goes over the public
conduct of Lykurgus, and is very valuable.
It seems that the twelve years of financial administration
exercised by Lykurgus, are to be taken probably, either from
342-330 B. C.—or four years later, from 338-326 B.
C. Boeckh leaves the point undetermined between the two.
Droysen and Meier prefer the earlier period—O. Müller the later.
(Boeckh, Urkunden über das Attische Seewesen, also the second
edition of his Staatshaushaltung der Athener, vol. ii. p.
114-118).
The total of public money, recorded by the Inscription as having
passed through the hands of Lykurgus in the twelve years, was
18,900 talents = £4,340,000, or thereabouts. He is said to have
held, besides, in deposit, a great deal of money entrusted to him
by private individuals. His official duties as treasurer were
discharged, for the first four years, in his own name: during the
last eight years, in the names of two different friends.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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