The grants to Buddhist viháras or monasteries of which there are several seem special gifts to institutions founded by female relatives of the granting kings. Most of the grants are to Bráhmans who though performing Vaidik ceremonies probably as at present honoured Saivism. This Saivism seems to have been of the old Pásupata school of Nakulísa or Lakulísa as the chief shrine of Lakulísa was at Kárávana the modern Kárván in the Gáikwár's territory fifteen miles south of Baroda and eight miles north-east of Miyágám railway station a most holy place till the time of the Vághelá king Arjunadeva in the thirteenth century. [282] The special holiness attached to the Narbadá in Saivism and to its pebbles as lingas is probably due to the neighbourhood of this shrine of Kárván. The followers of the Nakulísa-Pásupata school were strict devotees of Saivism, Nakulísa the founder being regarded as an incarnation of Siva. The date of the foundation of this school is not yet determined. It appears to have been between the second and the fifth century A.D. Nakulísa had four disciples Kusika, Gárgya, Kárusha, and Maitreya founders of four branches which spread through the length and breadth of India. Though no special representatives of this school remain, in spite of their nominal allegiance to Sankaráchárya the Dasanámis or Atíts are in fact Nakulísas in their discipline doctrines and habits--applying ashes over the whole body, planting a linga over the grave of a buried Atít, and possessing proprietary rights over Saiva temples. The Pásupatas were ever ready to fight for their school and often helped and served in the armies of kings who became their disciples. Till a century ago these unpaid followers recruited the armies of India with celibates firm and strong in fighting. It was apparently to gain these recruits that so many of the old rulers of India became followers of the Pásupata school. To secure their services the rulers had to pay them special respect. The leaders of these fighting monks were regarded as pontiffs like the Bappa-páda or Pontiff of the later Valabhi and other kings. Thus among the later Valabhis Síláditya IV. is called Bávapádánudhyáta and all subsequent Síládityas Bappapádánudhyáta both titles meaning Worshipping at the feet of Báva or Bappa. This Báva is the popular Prakrit form of the older Prakrit or desí Bappa meaning Father or worshipful. Bappa is the original of the Hindustáni and Gujaráti Bává father or elder; it is also a special term for a head Gosávi or Atít or indeed for any recluse. The epithet Bappa-pádánudhyáta, Bowing at the feet of Bappa, occurs in the attributes of several Nepál kings, and in the case of king Vasantasena appears the full phrase: Parama-daivata-bappa-bhattáraka-mahárája-Srí-pádánudhyáta. Falling at the illustrious feet of the great Mahárája Lord Bappa.