[Jayasimhavarmman, A.D. 666-693.] The regular establishment of Chálukya power in South Gujarát seems to have been the work of Dhárásraya Jayasimhavarmman son of Pulakesi II. and younger brother of Vikramáditya Satyásraya (A.D. 670-680). A grant of Jayasimhavarmman's son Síláditya found in Navsárí describes Jayasimhavarmman as receiving the kingdom from his brother Vikramáditya. As Jayasimhavarmman is called Paramabhattáraka Great Lord, he probably was practically independent. He had five sons and enjoyed a long life, ruling apparently from Navsárí. Of the five Gujarát Chálukya copperplates noted below, three are in an era marked Sam. which is clearly different from the Saka era (A.D. 78) used in the grants of the main Chálukyas. From the nature of the case the new era of the Gujarát Chálukyas may be accepted as of Gujarát origin. Grants remain of Jayasimhavarmman's sons dated S. 421, 443, and 490. [383] This checked by Vikramáditya's known date (A.D. 670-680) gives an initial between A.D. 249 and 259. Of the two Gujarát eras, the Gupta-Valabhi (A.D. 319) and the Traikútaka (A.D. 248-9), the Gupta-Valabhi is clearly unsuitable. On the other hand the result is so closely in accord with A.D. 248-9, the Traikútaka epoch, as to place the correctness of the identification almost beyond question. Jayasimhavarmman must have established his power in South Gujarát before A.D. 669-70 (T. 421), as in that year his son Sryásraya made a grant as heir apparent. Another plate of Sryásraya found in Surat shows that in A.D. 691-2 (T. 443) Jayasimhavarmman was still ruling with Sryásraya as heir apparent. In view of these facts the establishment of Jayasimhavarmman's power in Gujarát must be taken at about A.D. 666. The copperplates of his sons and grandson do not say whom Jayasimhavarmman overthrew. Probably the defeated rulers were Gurjjaras, as about this time a Gurjjara dynasty held the Broach district with its capital at Nándípurí the modern Nándod in the Rájpipla State about thirty-five miles east of Broach. So far as is known the earliest of the Nándod Gurjjaras was Dadda who is estimated to have flourished about A.D. 580 (T. 331). [384] The latest is Jayabhata whose Navsárí copperplate bears date A.D. 734-5 (T. 486) [385] so that the Gurjjara and Chálukya kingdoms flourished almost at the same time. It is possible that the power of the earlier Gurjjara kings spread as far south as Balsár and even up to Konkan limits. It was apparently from them that, during the reign of his brother Vikramáditya, Jayasimhavarmman took South Gujarát, driving the Gurjjaras north of the Tápti and eventually confining them to the Broach district, the Gurjjaras either acknowledging Chálukya sovereignty or withstanding the Chálukyas and retaining their small territory in the Broach district by the help of the Valabhis with whom they were in alliance. [386] In either case the Chálukya power seems to have hemmed in the Broach Gurjjaras, as Jayasimhavarmman had