The next grant that requires notice is that of Nágavarddhana, who describes himself distinctly as the son of Pulakesi's brother Jayasimha, though Dr. Bhagvánlál believed this Jayasimha to be Pulakesi's son. Mr. Fleet points out other difficulties connected with this grant, but on the whole decides in favour of its genuineness (see Ind. Ant. IX. 123). The description of Pulakesi II. in this grant refers to his victory over Harshavarddhana, but also describes him as having conquered the three kingdoms of Chera, Chola, and Pándya by means of his horse of the Chitrakantha breed, and as meditating on the feet of Sri Nágavarddhana. Now all of these epithets, except the reference to Harshavarddhana, belong properly, not to Pulakesi II. but to his son Vikramáditya I. The conquest of the confederacy of Cholas, Cheras (or Keralas), and Pándyas is ascribed to Vikramáditya in the inscriptions of his son Vinayáditya (Fleet in Ind. Ant. X. 134): the Chitrakantha horse is named in Vikramáditya's own grants (Ind. Ant. VI. 75 &c.) while his meditation upon the feet of Nágavarddhana recurs in the T. 421 grant of Sryásraya Síláditya (B. B. R. A. S. XVI. 1ff). This confusion of epithets between Pulakesi II. and Vikramáditya makes it difficult to doubt that Nágavarddhana's grant was composed either during or after Vikramáditya's reign, and under the influence of that king's grants. It may be argued that even in that case the grant may be genuine, its inconsistencies being due merely to carelessness. This supposition the following considerations seem too negative. Pulakesi II. was alive at the time of Hiuen Tsiang's visit (A.D. 640), but is not likely to have reigned very much longer. And, as Vikramáditya's reign is supposed to have begun about A.D. 669-70, a gap remains of nearly thirty years. That part of this period was occupied by the war with the three kings of the south we know from Vikramáditya's own grants: but the grant of Sryásraya Síláditya referred to above seems to show that Vikramáditya was the successor, not of his father, but of Nágavarddhana upon whose feet he is described as meditating. It follows that Nágavarddhana succeeded Pulakesi and preceded Vikramáditya on the imperial throne of the Chálukyas whereas his grant could not have been composed until the reign of Vikramáditya. Although the grant is not genuine, we have no reason to doubt that it gives a correct genealogy, and that Nágavarddhana was the son of Pulakesi's brother Jayasimha and therefore the first cousin of Vikramáditya. The grant is in the regular Chálukya style, and the writer, living near the Northern Chálukya capital, Násik, had better models than the composer of Vijayarája's grant. Both grants may have been composed about the time when the Chálukya power succumbed to the attacks of the Ráshtrakútas (A.D. 743).--(A. M. T. J.) CHAPTER X. THE GURJJARAS (A.D. 580-808.)