probable. The Hindu or Persian influence notable in the tribal name Maitraka and in the personal name Mihirakula seems unsuited to Húnas newly come from the northern frontiers of China and proud of their recent successes. [246] Chinese records show [247] that the tribe who preceded the White Huns in Baktria and north-east Persia, and who about A.D. 350-400 destroyed the power of Kitolo the last of the Kusháns, were the Yuan-Yuan or Jouen-Jouen whom Sir H. Howorth identifies with the Avars. [248] To this tribe it seems on the whole probable that Lae-lih the father of Toramána belonged. [249] At the same time, though perhaps not themselves White Huns, the details regarding Toramána and Mihirakula so nearly cover the fifty years (A.D. 470-530) of Húna ascendancy in North India that, as was in keeping with their position in charge of his Indian outpost, the White Hun emperor Khushnáwaz, while himself engaged in Central Asia and in Persia (A.D. 460-500), [250] seems to have entrusted the conquest of India to Toramána and his son Mihirakula. Of the progress of the mixed Yuan-Yuan and White Hun invaders in India few details are available. Their ascendancy in the north seems to have been too complete to allow of opposition, and Húnas were probably closely associated with the Maitraka or Mehara conquest of Káthiáváda (A.D. 480-520). The southern fringe of the White Hun dominions, the present Saugor district of the Central Provinces, seems to have been the chief theatre of war, a debateable ground between the Guptas, Toramána, and the Málwa chiefs. To the east of Saugor the Guptas succeeded in maintaining their power until at least A.D. 528-9. [251] To the west of Saugor the Guptas held Eran in A.D. 484-5. [252] About twenty years later (A.D. 505) [253] Eran was in the hands of Toramána, and in A.D. 510-11 Bhánugupta [254] fought and apparently won a battle at Eran. [Mihirakula, A.D. 512.] Mihirakula's accession to the throne may perhaps be fixed at A.D. 512. An inscription of Yasodharman, the date of which cannot be many years on either side of A.D. 532-3, claims to have enforced the submission of the famous Mihirakula whose power had established itself on the tiaras of kings and who had hitherto bowed his neck to no one but Siva. [255] In spite of this defeat Mihirakula held Gwálior and the inaccessible fortress of the Himálayas. [256] These dates give about A.D. 520 as the time of Mihirakula's greatest power, a result which suggests that the Gollas, whom, about A.D. 520, the Greek merchant Cosmas Indikopleustes heard of in the ports of Western India as the supreme ruler of Northern India was Kulla or Mihirakula. [257]