History of Indian and Eastern ArchitectureFergusson, James
History
History of Indian and Eastern Architecture
Fergusson, James
Architecture -- India; Architecture, Asian
The only difficulty is at the beginning of the series. If the chaitya
cave was, as above stated, commenced 129 years before Christ, there
ought to have been a vihara of the same age attached to it, but such
does not seem to exist. There is indeed a small vihara close to it, and
on a lower level than those now on each side of it, and consequently
more likely to be what we are looking for, than they are. It is a simple
square hall measuring 14 ft. each way, with two square cells in three of
its sides, the fourth opening on a verandah with two octagon pillars in
front. The only ornament of the interior is a horseshoe arch over each
opening, connected with a simple Buddhist rail. In every detail it is in
fact identical with the two old viharas Nos. 12 and 11 Ajunta, and
certainly anterior to the Christian Era; but it bears an inscription of
Krishna Raja, and he seems almost certainly to be the second of the
Andrabritya race, and he ascended the throne B.C. 8, or 120 years after
the time we are looking for.[180] But for this the architectural
details would accord perfectly with those of the chaitya, and the age
ascribed to it; but the inscriptions may have been added afterwards. If
this is not so, the only suggestion that occurs to me is that, as
originally executed, the chaitya had a forecourt, and that the cells
were in this, as at Bedsa and Sana, but that having fallen away, from
some flaw in the rock, was entirely removed, and at a subsequent time
that on the right was added at a height of 6 ft. above the level of the
floor of the chaitya, that on the left at 12 ft., about the same
datum,[181] which could hardly have been the case if they were part of
the original conception.
Turning from these, which practically belong to the last chapter rather
than to this, the interest is centred in three great viharas, the oldest
of which bears the name of Nahapana (Woodcut No. 78), the second that of
Gautamiputra, and the third that of Yadnya Sri--if my chronology is
correct, their dates are thus fixed, in round numbers, as A.D. 100, 300,
and 400.
[Illustration: 78. Nahapana Vihara, Nassick. (From a Plan by Mr.
Burgess.) Scale 50 ft. to 1 in.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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