History of Indian and Eastern ArchitectureFergusson, James
History
History of Indian and Eastern Architecture
Fergusson, James
Architecture -- India; Architecture, Asian
The series consists of eight or nine viharas, some of them of the very
first class, but no chaitya hall, nor does any excavation of that class
seem ever to have been attempted here. On the other hand, the larger
viharas seem to have had a shala or schoolroom attached to them, which
may also have been employed for divine service. The fact, however, that
the sanctuaries of the viharas generally have a dagoba in them, instead
of an image of Buddha, points to a distinction which may hereafter prove
of value. On the whole they are purer and simpler than the latest at
Ajunta, though most probably of about the same age.
The plan of one has already been given, but it is neither so large nor
architecturally so important as the great vihara, shown in plan, Woodcut
No. 87. Its great hall is 96 ft. square, and would at Ajunta rank as a
twenty-eight pillared cave, like No. 4 there, but inside this are eight
pillars ranged octagonally; and at a later age, apparently in
consequence of some failure of the roof, four structural
pillars--shaded lighter--were introduced. It is not clear from Dr.
Impey’s description how the central octagon was originally roofed. He
seems to have believed that a dagoba originally stood in the centre, and
having been destroyed brought down the roof with it. As, however, there
is a dagoba in the sanctuary, this is hardly probable, and it seems much
more likely that it was a copy of a structural octagonal dome, such as
we find the Jains invariably employing a few centuries afterwards. If
this is so, it would be highly interesting that it should be examined by
some architect capable of restoring it constructively from such
indications as remain. We have hundreds, almost thousands, of these
domes supported on eight pillars after the revival in the 10th century,
but not one before. If this is one, it might help to restore a missing
link in our chain of evidence.
[Illustration: 87. Great Vihara, at Bagh. (From a Plan by Dr. Impey.)]
The shala connected with this vihara measures 94 ft. by 44 ft., and the
two are joined together by a verandah measuring 220 ft. in length,
adorned by twenty free-standing pillars. At one time the whole of the
back wall of this gallery was adorned with a series of frescoes,
equalling in beauty and in interest those of Ajunta. As in those at
Ajunta, the uninitiated would fail to trace among them any symptoms of
Buddhism as generally understood. The principal subjects are processions
on horseback, or on elephants. In the latter the number of women exceeds
that of the men. Dancing and love-making are as usual prominently
introduced, and only one small picture, containing two men, can be said
to be appropriated to worship.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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