History of Indian and Eastern ArchitectureFergusson, James
History
History of Indian and Eastern Architecture
Fergusson, James
Architecture -- India; Architecture, Asian
The great feature of the interior is a dome 21 ft. in diameter,
supported on twelve richly carved pillars, with eight smaller ones
interspersed. Like all Indian domes, it is horizontal in construction,
and consequently also in ornamentation, but as that is done here, it is
as elegant or more so than the ribbed domes of western art. This one is
plain in the centre, having no pendant--which, however, is one of the
most marked and pleasing features of Jaina domes, as may be gathered
from the example in the temple of Vimala Sah at Mount Abu (Woodcut No.
131).
As before mentioned, the Buddhists, though always employing circular
roofs, and in all ages building topes with domical forms externally,
never seem to have attempted an internal dome, in stone at least. The
Hindus occasionally essayed a timid imitation of those of the Jains, but
in no instance with much success. It is essentially a feature of Jaina
architecture, and almost exclusively so among the northern Indians,
though, why this particular sect should have adopted it, and why they,
and they only, should have persevered in using it through so long a
period, are questions we are not yet in a position to answer. It was an
essential feature in the architecture of the Moslems before they came
into India, and they consequently eagerly seized on the domes of the
Jains when they first arrived there, and afterwards from them worked out
that domical style which is one of the most marked characteristics of
their art in India.
[Illustration: 141. Porch of Jaina Temple at Amwah, near Ajunta. (From a
Photograph by Major Gill.)]
One of the most interesting Jaina monuments of the age is the tower of
Sri Allat,[280] which still adorns the brow of Chittore (Woodcut No.
142, next page), and is one probably of a great number of similar
monuments that may at one time have existed. From their form, however,
they are frail, and trees and human violence so easily overthrow them,
that we ought not to wonder that so few remain. This one is a singularly
elegant specimen of its class, about 80 ft. in height, and adorned with
sculpture and mouldings from the base to the summit.[281] An inscription
once existed at its base, which gave its date as A.D. 896, and though
the slab was detached this is so nearly the date we would arrive at from
the style that there seems little doubt that it
[Illustration: 142. Jaina Tower of Sri Allat, Chittore. (From a
Photograph.)]
was of that age. It was dedicated to Adnath, the first of the Jaina
Tirthankars, and his figure is repeated some hundreds of times on the
face of the tower, but, so far as I could perceive, not that of any of
the other Jaina saints.
The temple in the foreground is of a more modern date, being put
together principally of fragments of older buildings which have
disappeared.
[Illustration: 143. Tower of Victory erected by Khumbo Rana at Chittore.
(From a Photograph.)]
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