History of Indian and Eastern ArchitectureFergusson, James
History
History of Indian and Eastern Architecture
Fergusson, James
Architecture -- India; Architecture, Asian
The annexed two views (Woodcuts Nos. 150-51) of one of the largest of
these temples, found at a place called Moodbidri,[300] in Canara, will
give a fair idea of the general aspect of these temples externally. They
are much plainer than Hindu temples usually are. The pillars look like
logs of wood with the angles partially chamfered off, so as to make them
octagons, and the sloping roofs of the verandahs are so evidently
wooden that the style itself cannot be far removed from a wooden
original. In many places, indeed, below the Ghâts the temples are still
wholly constructed in wood without any admixture of stone, and almost
all the features of the Moodbidri temples may be found in wood at the
present day. The blinds between the pillars, which are there executed in
stone, are found in wood in every city in India, and with very little
variation are used by Europeans in Calcutta to a greater extent,
perhaps, than they were ever used by the natives.
[Illustration: 151. Jaina Temple at Moodbidri. (From a Photograph.)]
The feature, however, which presents the greatest resemblance to the
northern styles, is the reverse slope of the eaves above the verandah. I
am not aware of its existence anywhere else south of Nepal, and it is so
peculiar that it is much more likely to have been copied than
re-invented.
The interiors of the Canarese temples are in marked contrast with the
plainness of the exteriors. Nothing can exceed the richness or the
variety with which they are carved. No two pillars seem alike, and many
are ornamented to an extent that may seem almost fantastic. This again
seems an indication of their recent descent from a wooden
[Illustration: 152. Pillar in Temple, Moodbidri. (From a Photograph.)]
original. Long habit of using stone would have sobered their forms, and
they are now of great thickness--it may even be said massiveness--and
this is just such an excess of strength as a people accustomed to wooden
architecture would employ when first called upon to replace in stone
supports which in wood would have appeared necessary to carry a heavy
stone roof (Woodcut No. 152, p. 273).
Their plans, as far as can be made out from photographs, are those usual
in Jaina temples--spacious, well-lighted porches, leading to a dark cell
in which the image of one of the Tirthankars is placed, naked of course,
as all the southern Jains seem to have belonged to the Digambara sect.
Their age has not yet been determined with certainty, as no inscriptions
from them have yet been published or translated, but, in so far as
information can be gathered from the various sources available, three or
four hundred years seems to be about the limit of their age. Some may go
back as far as 1300, but it looks as if the kingdom of the Zamorin was
at the height of its prosperity about the time it was first visited by
the Portuguese, and that the finest temples may belong to that age.
[Illustration: 153. Pavilion at Gurusankerry. (From a Photograph.)]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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