History of Indian and Eastern ArchitectureFergusson, James
History
History of Indian and Eastern Architecture
Fergusson, James
Architecture -- India; Architecture, Asian
In this instance there is no incongruity, no borrowed features; every
stone was carved for the place where it is found. There are niches it is
true on each side of the gateway, like those found at Marttand and other
Pagan temples; but like those at Ahmedabad they are without images, and
the arch in brick which surmounts this gateway is a radiating arch,
which appears certainly to be integral, but, if so, could not possibly
be erected by a Hindu.[305] When General Cunningham visited the valley
in 1848, he was not so familiar as he has since become with the ruins of
Gour, Juanpore, Ahmedabad, and other Moslem cities where the
architectural forms adopted by the Moslems are with difficulty
distinguished from those of the Hindus. With the knowledge we now
possess it is not likely that any one can mistake the fact, that this
enclosure was erected by the prince whose name it bears to surround his
tomb, in the Mahomedan cemetery of the city in which it is found.
[Illustration: 157. Takt-i-Suleiman. Elevation of Arches.
(From a drawing by Lieut. Cole.)]
Assuming this for the present, it gives us a hint as to the age of the
other anomalous building in Kashmir--the temple that crowns the hill,
called the Takt-i-Suleiman, near the capital. Inside the octagonal
enclosure that surrounds the platform on which the temple stands is a
range of arches (Woodcut No. 157), similar to those of the tomb of
Zein-ul-ab-ud-dín (Woodcut No. 156), not so distinctly pointed, nor so
Saracenic in detail, but still very nearly resembling them, only a
little more debased in style. At the bottom of the steps is a
round-headed doorway, not it is true surmounted by a true arch, but by a
curved lintel of one stone, such as are universal in the Hindu
imitations of Mahomedan architecture in the 17th and 18th centuries. The
same is the case in the small temples alongside, which are evidently of
the same age.[306] The temple too, itself, is far from having an ancient
look. The one most like it, that I am acquainted with, is that erected
by Cheyt Sing at Rannuggur, near Benares, at the end of the last
century. I know of no straight-lined pyramid of a much older date than
that, and no temple with a polygonal plan, combined with a circular
cell, as is the case here, that is of ancient date. The four pillars in
the cell, with the Persian inscriptions upon them, are avowedly of the
17th century. It is suggested, however, that they belong to a repair; my
conviction, however, is, from a review of the whole evidence, that the
temple, as it now stands, was commenced by some nameless Hindus, in
honour of Siva, during the tolerant reign of Jehangir, and that the
building was stopped at the date engraved on the staircase, A.H. 1069
(A.D. 1659), the first year of the reign of the bigot Aurungzebe. It was
then unfinished, and has consequently remained a ruin ever since, which
may give it an ancient look, but not such as to justify any one putting
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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