History of Indian and Eastern ArchitectureFergusson, James
History
History of Indian and Eastern Architecture
Fergusson, James
Architecture -- India; Architecture, Asian
The pillars which support the porticoes and the one on which the model
stands are by far the most striking peculiarity of this style, their
shafts being almost identical with those of the Grecian Doric, and
unlike anything of the class found in other parts of India. Generally
they are from three to four diameters in height, diminishing slightly
towards the capital, and adorned with sixteen flutes, rather shallower
than those of the Grecian order. Both the bases and capitals are, it is
true, far more complicated than would have been tolerated in Greece, but
at Pæstum and in Rome we find with the Doric order a complexity of
mouldings by no means unlike that found here. These peculiarities are
still more evident in the annexed representation of a pillar found in
Srinagar (Woodcut No. 159), which is a far more highly ornamented
example than the last, but equally classical in its details, and, if
anything, more unlike any known examples of true Hindu architecture.
Nowhere in Kashmir do we find any trace of the bracket capital of the
Hindus, nor of the changes from square to octagon, or to the polygon of
sixteen sides, and so on. Now that we are becoming familiar with the
extent of classical influence that prevailed in Gandhara (_ante_, p.
176) down to the 7th or 8th century, we have no difficulty in
understanding whence these quasi-Grecian forms were derived, nor why
they should be found so prevalent in this valley. It adds, however, very
considerably to our interest in the subject to find that the
civilization of the West left so strong an impress on the arts of this
part of India that its influence can be detected in all the Kashmiri
buildings down to the time when the local style perished under Mahomedan
influence in the beginning of the 14th century. Although, therefore,
there can be no mistake about the principal forms of the architecture of
Kashmir being derived from the classical styles of the West, and as
little doubt as to the countries through which it was introduced into
the valley, it must not be overlooked that the classical influence is
fainter and more remote from its source in Kashmir than in Gandhara.
Nothing resembling the Corinthian capitals of the Jamalgiri monastery
are found in the valley. The classical features in Kashmir are in degree
more like those of the Manikyala tope and the very latest examples in
the Peshawur valley. The one style, in fact, seems to commence where the
other ends, and to carry on the tradition for centuries after it had
been lost in the country from which it was introduced.
[Illustration: 159. Pillar at Srinagar. (From a drawing by W. Carpenter,
Esq.)]
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