History of Indian and Eastern ArchitectureFergusson, James
History
History of Indian and Eastern Architecture
Fergusson, James
Architecture -- India; Architecture, Asian
The Delai Lama, who resides in this palace, is believed by the Thibetans
to be the living incarnation of the Deity, and, in consequence, is the
principal, if not the only, object of worship in Lassa. There are,
however, four or five subordinate incarnations in different parts of
Thibet and Mongolia, who, though inferior to this one, are still objects
of worship in the places where they reside, and by particular sects of
Buddhists.
It is this worship of a living rather than of a dead deity that seems to
be the principal cause of the difference of the architectural forms of
India and Thibet. In the countries we have hitherto been describing no
actual incarnation of the Deity is believed to have taken place since
the death of Sakya Muni, though the spirit of God has descended on many
saints and holy men; in India, therefore, they have been content to
worship images of the departed deity, or relics which recall His
presence. In Thibet, where their deity is still present among them,
continually transmigrating, but never dying, of course such a form of
worship would be absurd; no relic of a still living god can exist, nor
is the semblance or the memory of any past manifestation thought worth
preserving. _A priori_, therefore, we should scarcely look here for the
same class of sacred edifices as we find in India or Ceylon.
Owing to the jealousy with which the country is guarded against the
intrusion of Europeans, we may probably have to wait some time before
Thibet itself, or even the valleys dependent upon it in the Himalayas,
are so accessible to European travellers as to enable them to supply the
data requisite for the purpose. In the meanwhile, however, the view
(Woodcut No. 176) of the doorway of the temple at Tassiding is curious
as showing a perseverance in the employment of sloping jambs, which we
do not meet with in the plains. It will be recollected that this feature
is nearly universal in the Behar and early western caves (Woodcuts Nos.
43, 45, and 50), but there we lose it. It may have continued to be
commonly employed during the Middle Ages, though the examples have
perished; but it is curious to find it cropping up here again after a
lapse of 2000 years.[343]
[Illustration: 176. Doorway of the Temple at Tassiding. (From Dr.
Hooker’s ‘Himalayan Journals.’)]
Another view in the porch of the temple at Pemiongchi is also
interesting, as showing the form of roof which we are familiar with in
the rock examples, and also as illustrating the extent to which the
bracket capital of India may be carried under the influence of wooden
architecture (Woodcut No. 177). It hardly seems doubtful that the idea
was originally derived from wooden construction, but was equally
appropriate to masonic forms, and is used in masonry so judiciously by
Indian architects that we lose sight of its origin in most instances
altogether.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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