History of Indian and Eastern ArchitectureFergusson, James
History
History of Indian and Eastern Architecture
Fergusson, James
Architecture -- India; Architecture, Asian
There is little doubt that the sikra of the larger temple was similarly
adorned, but all its details are so completely obliterated by the
coating of plaster it has received that it has lost its interest. The
pillars, however, of its porch retain their forms up to their capitals,
at least. The architraves, as may be seen from the woodcut, belong to
the repair in 1786. The shafts of the pillars are plain cylinders, of
very classical proportions, and the bases also show that they are only
slightly removed from classical design. The square plinth, the two
toruses, the cavetto, or hollow moulding between, are all classical, but
partially hidden by Hindu ornamentation, of great elegance, but unlike
anything found afterwards. The capitals are, however, the most
interesting parts, though their details are considerably obliterated by
whitewash. They belong to what may be styled the Hindu-Corinthian order,
though the principles on which
[Illustration: 178. Temples at Kiragrama, near Kote Kangra. (From a
Photograph.)]
they are designed is diametrically opposed to those of the classical
order of the same name. The object of both--as is well-known--is to
convert a circular shaft into a square architrave-bearing capital in a
graceful and pleasing manner. We all know the manner in which the Ionic
and Corinthian capitals effect this; pleasingly, it is true, but not
without effort and some little clumsiness, which it required all the
skill and taste of classical architects to conquer. To effect this
object, the Hindus placed a vase on the top of their column, the bowl of
which was about the same diameter as that of the pillar on which it was
placed, or rather larger; but such an arrangement was weak, because the
neck and base of the vase were necessarily smaller than the shaft of the
pillar, and both were still circular. To remedy these defects, they
designed a very beautiful class of foliaged ornament, which appears to
grow out of the vase, on each of its four faces, and, falling downwards,
strengthens the hollows of the neck and leg of the vase, so as to give
them all the strength they require, and at the same time to convert the
circular form of the shaft into the required square for the abacus of
the capital. The Hindus, of course, never had sufficient ability or
constructive skill to enable them to produce so perfect a form as the
Corinthian or Ionic capitals of the Greeks or Romans; but it is probable
that if this form were taken up at the present day, a capital as
beautiful as either of these might even now be produced. It is, indeed,
almost the only suggestion that Indian architecture seems to offer for
European use.
[Illustration: 179. Pillar at Erun of the Gupta age.]
[Illustration: 180. Capital of Half Column from a temple in Orissa.
(From a Lithograph.)]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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