History of Indian and Eastern ArchitectureFergusson, James
History
History of Indian and Eastern Architecture
Fergusson, James
Architecture -- India; Architecture, Asian
Although it may not be possible to point out the origin of the Dravidian
style, and trace its early history with the same precision as we can
that of Buddhist architecture, there is nothing so mysterious about it,
as there is regarding the styles of northern India, nor does it burst on
us full blown at once as is the case with the architecture of the
Chalukyas. Hitherto, the great difficulty in the case has been, that all
the temples of southern India have been found to be of so modern a date.
The great building age there was the 16th and 17th centuries of our era.
Some structural buildings, it is true, could be traced back to the 12th
or 13th with certainty, but beyond that all was to a great extent
conjecture; and if it were not for rock-cut examples, we could hardly go
back much further with anything like certainty. Recent investigations,
however, combined with improved knowledge and greater familiarity with
the subject, have now altered this state of affairs to a great extent.
It seems hardly doubtful now that the Kylas at Ellora, and the great
temples at Purudkul (Pattadkul), are anterior to the 10th century.[359]
It may, in fact, be that they date from the 8th or 9th, and if I am not
very much mistaken the “raths,” as they are called, at Mahavellipore are
as early, if not indeed earlier, than the 5th or 6th, and are in reality
the oldest examples of their class known, and the prototypes of the
style.
One circumstance which has prevented the age of the Mahavellipore raths
being before detected is, that being all cut in granite and in single
blocks, they show no sign of wearing or decay, which is so frequently a
test of age in structural buildings, and being all in the same material
produces a family likeness among them, which makes it at first sight
difficult to discriminate between what is old and what new. More than
this, they all possess the curious peculiarity of being unfinished,
whether standing free, as the raths, or cut in the rock, as caves, or on
its face, as the great bas-relief; they are all left with one-third or
one-fourth merely blocked out, and in some instances with the intention
merely indicated. It looks as if the workmen had been suddenly called
off while the whole was in progress, and native traditions, which always
are framed to account for what is otherwise most unintelligible, have
seized on this peculiarity, and make it the prominent feature in their
myths. Add to this that it is only now we are acquiring that knowledge
of the subject and familiarity with its details, which will enable us to
check the vagaries of Indian speculation. From all these causes it is
not difficult to understand how easily mistakes might be made in
treating of such mysterious objects.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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