[13] “When Tarquinius Priscus regulated, with the foresight of a skilful prince, the state of the citizens, he attached great importance to the dress of children of condition; and he decreed that the sons of patricians should wear the bulla with the robe hemmed with purple: but even this privilege was restricted to the children of those fathers who had exercised a curule dignity; the sons of other patricians had merely the prætexta, and it was necessary that even their fathers should have served the prescribed time in the cavalry.” (Macrobius, _Saturnalia_, I. 6.) [14] “The plebeians were excluded from all offices, and put only to agriculture, the breeding of cattle, and mercantile occupations.” (Dionysius of Halicarnassus, II. 9.)--“Numa encouraged the agriculturists; they were excused from service in war, and discharged from the care of municipal affairs.” (Dionysius of Halicarnassus, II. 76.) [15] Dionysius of Halicarnassus, II. 9.--Plutarch, _Romulus_, 13. [16] “Agrorum partes attribuerant tenuioribus.” (Festus, under the word _Patres_, p. 246, edit. O. Müller.) [17] Dionysius of Halicarnassus, IV. 24. [18] These questions have been the object of learned researches; but, after an attentive perusal of the works of Beaufort, Niebuhr, Gœttling, Duruy, Marquardt, Mommsen, Lange, &c., the difference of opinions is discouraging: we have adopted those which appeared most probable. [19] Dionysius of Halicarnassus, V. 40.--Titus Livius, II. 16. [20] Titus Livius, II. 48.--Dionysius of Halicarnassus, IX. 15. [21] Titus Livius, II. 64. [22] Dionysius of Halicarnassus, X. 15. [23] “They called a _decree of the people_ (_scitum populi_) the measure which the order of patricians had voted, on the proposal of a patrician, without the participation of the plebs.” (See Festus, under the words _Scitum populi_, p. 330.)--Titus Livius, speaking of the tribunes, puts the following words into the mouth of Appius Claudius: “Non enim _populi_, sed _plebis_, eum magistratum esse.” (Titus Livius, II. 56.) [24] “The plebs was composed of all the mass of the people which was neither senator nor patrician.” (See Festus, under the words _Scitum populi_.) [25] “Populus autem non omnis hominum cœtus quoquo modo congregatus, sed cœtus multitudinis juris consensu et utilitatis communione sociatus.”--(Cicero, _De Republica_, I. 25.) [26] “Populus curiatis eum (Numam) comitiis regem esse jusserat. Tullum Hostilium populus regem, interrege rogante, comitiis curiatis creavit. Servius, Tarquinio sepulto, populum de se ipse consuluit jussusque regnare legem de imperio suo curiatam tulit.” (Cicero, _De Republica_, II. 13-21.)