[388] The curious treatise by Scheffer, entitled “I. Schefferi de varietate Navium,” is preserved in Gronovius’s “Thesaurus Antiq. Græc.” vol. viii fol. In the same vast collection are treatises by Bayfius, Doletus, and Laurentius, on similar subjects, which are worthy of examination. [389] Polyb. i. c. 23. [390] Mitford’s Hist. of Greece, vol. ii. p. 194. [391] Pownall’s “Treatise on the Study of Antiquities,” Appendix, no. iii., pp. 236-40. [392] Vol. i. p. 47. [393] Vossius’ Treatise, entitled “I. Vossii de Triremium et Liburnicarum constructione dissertatio,” is printed in Graevii Thes. Antiq. Roman, vol. xii. fol. See also “Charnock’s History,” vol. i. p. 52. etc. [394] In the course of our examination of this subject we have received from the Revd. J. O. W. Haweis, of Colwood, Crawley, in the county of Sussex, a paper so ingenious and original, that, though we doubt its practicability, we have much pleasure in printing it in the Appendix to this volume.—See Appendix No. 1, pp. 625-8. [395] “An Essay (pamphlet) on the War-Galleys of the Ancients.” By John Howell. W. Blackwood: Edinburgh, 1826. [396] Howell’s Pamphlet, p. 48. [397] Athen. v. c. 37. [398] Although Homer (Odys. xiii. v. 81-95) states that Ulysses was rowed from Corcyra (Corfu) to Ithaca, a distance of eighty nautical miles, without apparently any resting of the oarsmen, there is no proof that ancient galleys were propelled _continuously_ by their oars, or for a longer period on a stretch than the one set of rowers could endure. To this day the Malay pirates sometimes row more than ten hours without change, and are fed at their oars. Nor is there anything to show how many spare men were carried for reliefs, in case of accident. [399] Thucyd. i. c. xciv., etc., etc. [400] Ptolemy’s ship had a beam of 57 feet. [401] Thucyd. i. c. xiv. [402] Thucyd. c. x. [403] Hom. Il. xiv. [404] Hom. Odys. xii. [405] Howell’s Pamphlet, p. 7. CHAPTER X.