[65] Taking a hypothetical calculation of the result of a voyage of twelve months’ duration of a British ship of 500 tons, and of a ship of equal tonnage of the above-mentioned nations respectively, and taking the items of wages, insurance, interest on capital, calculated at 5 per cent., and depreciation of the property, which experience warrants at 10 per cent. per annum, the total amount of those items, on a ship of 500 tons built in England, and costing 8750_l._, would be 2623_l._ 10_s._ on such a voyage; on a ship of the United States, costing, as estimated, 7250_l._, it would be 2191_l._ 10_s._; that on a Dutch ship, costing 7000_l._, it would be 2110_l._; that on a Bremen ship, costing 5500_l._, it would be 1626_l._; that on a Swedish ship, costing the same amount, it would be 1550_l._; and that on a Prussian ship, costing 4720_l._, it would be 1329_l._; making a difference in favour of an American ship of 432_l._; of a Dutch ship of 513_l._ 10_s._; of a Bremen ship of 997_l._ 10_s._; of a Swedish ship of 1073_l._ 10_s._; and of a Prussian ship of 1294_l._ 10_s._ These gross disbursements resolved into their elements, as regards wages, stood thus. The wages on a British ship were calculated at 786_l._; the wages of an American ship of the same size, viz., 500 tons, 669_l._; in a Dutch ship, 640_l._; in a Bremen ship, 471_l._; in a Swedish ship, 395_l._; and in a Prussian ship, 331_l._ 10_s._ The items of these wages, as regards British ships, were, an English captain, 10_l._ a month [that is the amount of wages, but the emoluments of a British captain would be very much more than that]; chief mate, 6_l._ per month; second mate, 4_l._ per month; boatswain, 3_l._ 10_s._ per month; carpenter, 5_l._ per month; cook, 2_l._ 10_s._; nine able seamen, at 45_s._ each, 20_l._ 5_s._; eight ordinary seamen, at 30_s._ each, 12_l._; and three apprentices, at 15_s._ each, 2_l._ 5_s._; making a monthly amount of 65_l._ 10_s._, which multiplied by 12, gives the amount stated, 786_l._ [66] Mr. Colquhoun, now Sir Patrick Colquhoun, Q.C., at one time Plenipotentiary of the Hanse Towns at Constantinople, also gave evidence (see 3980, &c.); but, from a point of view entirely different from that of Mr. Richmond. The Hanse Towns, as carriers for the large continent of Germany, were naturally opposed to a system which circumvented their sphere of action, while Holland took the opposite view. [67] Mr. Richmond was one of my constituents when I represented the Borough of Tynemouth, and, though he strongly opposed my return to Parliament, I have a pleasing recollection of him as a courteous man, and a fine specimen of the old school of Protectionists. In reply to a question of how it was that, in spite of such gloom and ruin, the shipowners of that borough continued to build more vessels, he replied, “Sir, do not you know that _Hope_ is the last thing that forsakes the human breast?” [68] See _ante_, p. 42-8, Reports from their Consuls.