Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was repelled while a student at Oxford by Scholastic methods in thought, with which he agreed only in their nominalistic results (there are no universals except names). During repeated sojourns in Paris, where he made the acquaintance of Gassendi, Mersenne, and Descartes, he devoted himself to the study of mathematics, and was greatly influenced by the doctrines of Galileo; while the disorders of the English revolution led him to embrace an absolutist theory of the state. His chief works were his politics, under the title _Leviathan_, 1651, and his _Elementa Philosophiae_, in three parts (_De Corpore, De Homine, De Cive_), of which the third, _De Cive_, appeared first (in Latin; in briefer form and anonymously, 1642, enlarged 1647), the first, _De Corpore_, in 1655, and the second, _De Homine_, in 1658. These had been preceded by two books [1] written, like the two last parts of the _Elements_, in English: _On Human Nature_ and _De Corpore Politico_, composed 1640, printed without the author's consent in 1650. Besides these he wrote two treatises _Of Liberty and Necessity_, 1646 and 1654, and prepared, 1668, a collected edition of his works (in Latin). In Molesworth's edition, 1839-45, the Latin works occupy five volumes and the English eleven.[2] [Footnote 1: Or rather one; the treatise _On Human Nature_ consists of the first thirteen chapters of the work, _Elements of Law, Natural and Politic_, and the _De Corpore Politico_ of the remainder.] [Footnote 2: Cf. on Hobbes, G.C. Robertson (Blackwood's Philosophical Classics, vol. x.), 1886; Tönnies in the _Vierteljahrsschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie_, Jahrg. 3-5, 1879-81.]