The writing of the Phoenicians was, like that of the majority of the
Semitic nations, from right to left. The reverse order was entirely
unknown to them, whether employed freely as an alternative, as in Egypt,
or confined, as in Greece, to the alternate lines. The words were, as
a general rule, undivided, and even in some instances were carried over
the end of one line into the beginning of another. Still, there are
examples where a sign of separation occurs between each word and the
next;[0139] and the general rule is, that the words do not run over
the line. In the later inscriptions they are divided, according to the
modern fashion, by a blank space;[1310] but there seems to have been an
earlier practice of dividing them by small triangles or by dots.
The language of the Phoenicians was very close indeed to the Hebrew,
both as regards roots and as regards grammatical forms. The number
of known words is small, since not only are the inscriptions few and
scanty, but they treat so much of the same matters, and run so nearly in
the same form, that, for the most part, the later ones contain nothing
new but the proper names. Still they make known to us a certain number
of words in common use, and these are almost always either identical
with the Hebrew forms, or very slightly different from them, as the
following table will demonstrate:--
Phoenician Hebrew English
Ab {...} {...} father
Aben {...} {...} stone
Adon {...} {...} lord
Adam {...} {...} man
Aleph {...} {...} an ox
Akh {...} {...} brother
Akhar {...} {...} after
Am {...} {...} mother
Anak {...} {...} I
Arets {...} {...} earth, land
Ash {...} {...} who, which
Barak {...} {...} to bless
Bath {...} {...} daughter
Ben {...} {...} son
Benben {...} {...} grandson
Beth {...} {...} house, temple
Ba’al {...} {...} lord, citizen
Ba’alat {...} {...} lady, mistress
Barzil {...} {...} iron
Dagan {...} {...} corn
Deber {...} {...} to speak, say
Daleth {...} {...} door
Zan {...} {...} this
Za {...} {...} this
Zereng {...} {...} seed, race
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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