This acquiescence in their wishes on the part of the Great King, and his
abstinence from any attempt at compulsion, would seem to have paved the
way for that thoroughly good understanding between the suzerain power
and her dependency which characterises the relations of the two for
the next century and a half, with the single exception of one short
interval. “The navy of Phoenicia became a regular and very important
part of the public power”[14265] of the Persian state. Complete
confidence was felt by their Persian masters in the fidelity,
attachment, and hearty good-will of the Phoenician people. Exceptional
favour was shown them. Not only were they allowed to maintain their
native kings, their municipal administration, their national laws and
religion, but they were granted exceptional honours and exceptional
privileges and immunities. The Great King maintained a park and royal
residence in some portion of Phoenicia,[14266] probably in the vicinity
of Sidon,[14267] and no doubt allowed his faithful subjects to bask
occasionally in the sunshine of his presence. When the internal
organisation of the empire was taken in hand, and something approaching
to a uniform system of government established for revenue purposes,
though Phoenicia could not be excused from contributing to the
taxation of the empire, yet the burden laid upon her seems to have been
exceptionally light. United in a satrapy--the fifth--with Syria,
Cyprus, and Palestine, and taxed according to her population rather
than according to her wealth, she paid a share--probably not more than
a third or a fourth--of 350 talents,[14268] or an annual contribution
to the needs of the empire amounting to no less than 30,000l. Persia,
moreover, encouraged Phoenicia to establish an internal organisation of
her own, and, under her suzerainty, Tyre, Sidon, and Aradus were united
by federal bonds, and had a common council, which met at Tripolis,
probably of three hundred members.[14269] This council debated
matters in which Phoenicia generally was interested, and, in times of
disturbance, decided questions of peace and war.
The reign of Darius Hystaspis (B.C. 521-486), the successor of Cambyses
upon the Persian throne, introduced several changes into the Persian
governmental system which were of advantage to the Phoenicians. Darius
united the most distant parts of his empire by postal routes, along
which at moderate intervals were maintained post-houses, with relays
of horses,[14270] primarily for the use of the government, but at the
service of the traveller or private trader when not needed for business
of state. Phoenician commerce must have been much helped by these
arrangements, which facilitated rapid communication, gave security to
lines of route which had been previously infested with robbers, and
provided resting-places for the companies of merchants and traders, not
unlike the caravanserai of modern Turkey and Persia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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