As it was, the fleet of Persia, composed mainly of Phoenician vessels,
did not appear in the northern Egean waters until some weeks after
Alexander had transported his grand army into Asia, and fought at
the Granicus, so that when it arrived it was of comparatively little
service. Too late even to save Miletus, it had to be a tame spectator
of the siege and capture of that important town.[14356] It was then
withdrawn to Halicarnassus, where its presence greatly helped the
defence, but not to the extent of wholly baffling the besiegers.
Halicarnassus fell, like Miletus, after a while, being entered from
the land side; but the fleet saved the troops, the stores, and the
inhabitants.[14357]
During the early part of the ensuing year, B.C. 333, while Alexander
was engaged in conquering the interior of Asia Minor, the Persian fleet
under Memnon at last took the aggressive, and, advancing northwards,
employed itself in establishing Persian influence over the whole of the
Egean, and especially in reducing the important islands of Chios and
Lesbos.[14358] Memnon was now in full command. Fortune smiled on
him; and it seemed more than probable that the war would be, at least
partially, transferred into Greece, where the Spartans only waited
for Memnon’s appearance to commence an anti-Macedonian movement. The
presence of a powerful fleet in Greek waters, and Memnon’s almost
unlimited command of Persian gold, might in a short time have raised
such a flame in Greece as to necessitate Alexander’s return in order to
extinguish it.[14359] The invasion of Asia might have been arrested in
mid course; Alexander might have proved as powerless as Agesilaus to
effect any great change in the relations of the two continents; but,
at the critical moment, the sudden and unexpected death of the Rhodian
chief cast all these hopes to the ground,[14360] and deprived Persia of
her last chance of baffling the invader.
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