History of scientific ideas

Name: History of scientific ideas
Author: Whewell, William

Whewell, William

Science -- Philosophy

_Art._   1. Organization. Parts are Ends and Means.
           2. Not merely mutually dependent.
           3. Not merely mutually Cause and Effect.
           4. Notion of _End_ not derived from Facts.
           5. This notion has regulated Physiology.
           6. Notion of Design comes from within.
           7. Design not understood by Savages.
           8. Design opposed to Morphology.
           9. Impression of Design when fresh.
          10. Acknowledgement of an End by adverse Physiologists.
          11. This included in the Notion of Disease.
          12. It belongs to organized Creatures only.
          13. The term Final _Cause_.
          14. Law and Design.
          15. Final Causes and Morphology.
          16. Expressions of physiological Ends.
          17. The Conditions of Existence.
          18. The asserted presumption of Teleology.
          19. Final Causes in other subjects.
          20. Transition to Palætiology.


BOOK X.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF PALÆTIOLOGY.

CHAP. I. OF PALÆTIOLOGICAL SCIENCES IN GENERAL.                  257

  _Art._   1. Description of Palætiology.
           2. Its Members.
           3. Other Members.
           4. Connexion of the whole subject.
           5. We shall take Material Sciences only;
           6. But these are connected with others.

CHAP. II. OF THE THREE MEMBERS OF A PALÆTIOLOGICAL SCIENCE       263

  _Art._   1. Divisions of such Sciences.
           2. The Study of Causes.
           3. Ætiology.
{xiv}
           4. Phenomenology requires Classification. Phenomenal
              Geology.
           5. Phenomenal Uranology.
           6. Phenomenal Geography of Plants and Animals.
           7. Phenomenal Glossology.
           8. The Study of Phenomena leads to Theory.
           9. No sound Theory without Ætiology.
          10. Causes in Palætiology.
          11. Various kinds of Cause.
          12. Hypothetical Order of Palætiological Causes.
          13. Mode of Cultivating Ætiology:--In Geology:
          14. In the Geography of Plants and Animals:
          15. In Languages.
          16. Construction of Theories.
          17. No sound Palætiological Theory yet extant.

CHAP. III. OF THE DOCTRINE OF CATASTROPHES AND THE
           DOCTRINE OF UNIFORMITY                                284

  _Art._   1. Doctrine of Catastrophes.
           2. Doctrine of Uniformity.
           3. Is Uniformity probable _a priori_?
           4. Cycle of Uniformity indefinite.
           5. Uniformitarian Arguments are Negative only.
           6. Uniformity in the Organic World.
           7. Origin of the present Organic World.
           8. Nebular Origin of the Solar System.
           9. Origin of Languages.
          10. No Natural Origin discoverable.

CHAP. IV. OF THE RELATION OF TRADITION TO PALÆTIOLOGY            297

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Opening the text

History of scientific ideasWhewell, William

Philosophy