10. We may observe further, that by speaking, as I have
stated that he does, of the figure of particles, he mixes
together the assumption of the last section with the one
which we are considering in this. This combination is very
unphilosophical, or, to say the least, very insufficient,
since it makes a new hypothesis necessary. If a body be
composed of cubical particles, held together by their mutual
attraction, by what force are the parts of each cube held
together? In order to understand their structure, we are
obliged again to assume a cohesive force of the second
order, binding together the particles of each particle. And
therefore Newton himself says[11\6], very justly, 'The parts
of all homogeneal hard bodies which fully touch each other,
stick together very strongly: and for explaining how this
is, some have invented hooked atoms, _which is begging the
question_.' For (he means to imply,) how do the parts of the
hook stick together?
[Note 11\6: _Opticks_, p. 364.]
The same remark is applicable to all hypotheses in which
particles of a complex structure are assumed as the
constituents of bodies: for while we suppose bodies and
their known properties to result from the mutual actions of
these particles, we are compelled to suppose the parts of
each particle to be held together by forces still more
difficult to conceive, since they are disclosed only by the
properties of these particles, which as yet are unknown. Yet
Newton himself has not abstained from such hypotheses: thus
he says[12\6], 'A particle of {13} a salt may be compared to
a chaos, being dense, hard, dry, and earthy in the center,
and moist and watery in the circumference.'
[Note 12\6: _Opticks_, p. 362.]
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