=19. Treaty of Ripon.=--Once more they sent to the King, who was then at _York_, a supplication in which they declared that all they wanted was satisfaction to their just demands. The King laid the matter before a great council of peers which he had called at York. By their advice it was decided to treat with the Scots. Eight Commissioners from their army came to _Ripon_, and the treaty which was begun there was not ended until nearly a year afterwards at _London_. All that they asked was granted, and they were promised three hundred thousand pounds to defray the expenses of this war, into which they said they had been driven. The armies were then disbanded, and peace seemed to be restored. The King came to Scotland once more, and a meeting of the Estates was held in which he let the members have their own way in everything. He also confirmed the right of the Estates to meet once every three years, and fixed the next meeting for June, 1644. =20. Breaking out of the War.=--This seeming peace was but the lull before the storm, and, before one year had passed, the English had followed the example set them by the Scots in resisting the unlawful exactions of the King; the _Long Parliament_ had brought his minister _Strafford_, the chief agent of his despotism, to the scaffold, and had called on the people to arm in defence of their rights and liberties. When the great _Civil War_ began in earnest, each side was eager to secure the help of the fine army which the _Scots_ had at their command. Religious opinion decided the matter. The Parliament, which was as much opposed to episcopacy as the Scots were, adopted the solemn _League_ and _Covenant_, and ordered every one to sign it, and by so doing induced the Scots to join them. The army was raised again, and put under the command of the two _Leslies_, _Alexander_, now _Earl of Leven_, and his nephew _David_, who soon proved the better soldier of the two. A second time they entered England, January 19, 1644, and leaving a part of their force to besiege _Newcastle_ marched on into _Yorkshire_, and joined the troops of the Parliament in time to share their victory at _Marston Moor_. _Newcastle_ was taken by storm, October 19.