=11. The "Forty-five."=--In 1719 there was a small attempt made to get up another Jacobite rising. This attempt was favoured by Spain, which, just at this time, under the guidance of _Cardinal Alberoni_, minister of _Philip the Fifth_, once more began to take an active part in European affairs. England had joined the _Quadruple Alliance_ against Spain, which was therefore ready to help in an attempt to overthrow the English Government. The _Marquess of Tullibardine_ landed on the _Lewis_ with a body of three hundred Spanish soldiers. But the stores and arms which were to have been sent to him were lost on the way, and, though about two thousand _Highlanders_ mustered, they were defeated at _Glenshiels_ by the regular troops. The Highlanders fled to the hills, while the _Spaniards_ surrendered, and thus the attempt came to nothing. But the clans were still unsubdued, and were ready to break out again at any time. _General Wade_, who had been commander-in-chief since the 1715, made excellent roads in many places where there had been none before, and an Act was passed for disarming the _Highlanders_. But this did more harm than good. The clans that were faithful to the Government gave up their arms; but this only made them unable to resist the rebels, who kept theirs hidden and ready for use when occasion should come. England was now engaged in a continental war; most of the troops were out of the kingdom, and the time seemed favourable for another effort. France too promised help. Early in 1744 an army of 1,500 men under the command of Marshal Saxe, one of the most skilful generals in the French service, was collected at _Dunkirk_, and embarked in French transports for the invasion of England. But the fleet was dispersed by a storm, and the French were unwilling to give any further help. The next year _Charles Edward_, son of the _Old Pretender_, called the _Young Chevalier,_ who was to have led this expedition, determined to make a venture on his own account. Without money, without arms, with only seven followers, he landed at _Moidart_, on the west coast of _Inverness_, and called on the Jacobite clans to muster and follow him: July 25, 1745. In vain their chiefs, headed by _Cameron of Lochiel_, pointed out to him the rash folly of such an enterprise, he persisted, and they, letting loyalty get the better of common sense, took up the cause and summoned their clansmen. The standard of James was raised at _Glenfillan_, August 19, and the commission, naming Charles _Regent_ in his stead, was read to about a hundred motley but enthusiastic followers. Already a small band of them had had a foretaste of victory. On their way to the muster they had compelled two companies of regular troops, which they had intercepted on their way to relieve the garrison of _Fort William_, to lay down their arms. This was followed by a series of successes as unlooked for as they were extraordinary. _Sir John Cope_ was sent to oppose the